Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Ukuxilongwa, Ukwelashwa Nokuvinjelwa Kwe-Emphysema
U-Emphysema wuhlobo olujwayelekile lwe- COPD lapho i-alveoli, noma amabhasi e-air of the lungs, abonakalisiwe abangela ukuba bakhulise futhi baqhume. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-sacs emoyeni angama-cell emaphashini lapho kushintshaniswa khona i-oxygen ne- carbon dioxide , umonakalo kule ndawo kwenza kube nzima kubantu abane-emphysema ukuxosha umoya emaphashini abo. Lokhu kubangela ukwakha i- carbon dioxide emzimbeni.
I-Emphysema yinqubo engaphendukiyo, yokuphela kwesigaba eqhubeka kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi. Njengamanje, ayikho ikhambi, kodwa ukwelashwa kwe-emphysema kungathuthukisa izinga lokuphila.
Izibalo
Ngo-2005, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-3.8 e-United States babhekwa ukuthi bane-emphysema. Kulabo, ama-54.4% ayengamadoda futhi ama-45.6% ayesifazana.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko: Ukubhema, ukulahleka kwe-Alpha-1-Antitrypsin, nokungcola komoya
Ukubhema kuhlala kuyimbangela enkulu ye-emphysema. Ukubhema ugwayi kulimaza i-cilia emaphashini ngokuvamile okusiza ukucacisa ukususa ama-mucus kanye nemfihlo. Lokhu kubangela ukuvinjelwa ezindizeni zomoya. Umusi wocingo ubangela nokuvuvukala nokucasula emaphashini okwenza ukwanda kwemikhiqizo ye-mucus . Umcucu omningi emaphashini ubeka engozini enkulu yokwelashwa kwamaphaphu , njengoba umcucu unikeza amabhaktheriya ngefihla eliphelele.
Ukungcoliswa komoya nakho kudlala indima ekusungulweni kwe- emphysema . Njengalokhu okubhema ukulimaza, ukungcola komoya kubangela ukuvuvukala kwe-airway nokucasuka okugcina kugubha amathishu emaphaphu enempilo.
Nokho, ungase umangale ukwazi ukuthi ngisho nomoya wangaphakathi ungangcola. Funda izinyathelo ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yomoya yangaphakathi ukuze unciphise ukucasuka okuphefumulayo ekhaya lakho.
Nakuba ukubhema nokungcoliswa komoya kudlala indima enkulu ekubambeni kwabo emphysema, amaphesenti amancane abantu anesifo sokuthi isifo esihlobene nokuntuleka kwe-enzyme, i-alpha-1-antitrypsin.
Labo abahlupheke nge- alpha-1-antitrypsin ukuntuleka bangakwazi ukucasula imvelo, njengokubhema, ukubhema komswakama , ukungcola komoya, kanye nezifo eziphazamisa ukuthi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kubangela izimpawu zesifo esingenasifo se-pulmonary chronic obstructive ezifana ne-emphysema.
Izimpawu ze-Emphysema
Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-emphysema yizi:
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
- Ukuphefumula ngokushesha
- Ukushisa
- Ukukhwehlela okungapheli, nge, noma ngaphandle, isikhukhula
- Ukunciphisa ukuvivinya umzimba
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso okuholela ekulahlekeni kwesisindo
- Isifuba sesibhakela
Ekugcineni, labo abahlukunyezwa yi-emphysema bangase baqhubekele ekuhlulekeni okuphefumula okwenzeka emva kwenqubo encane yesifo esincane. Ukuthola kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu zakho ezithile, vakashela i- Symptom Checker , ithuluzi lethu lokusebenzisana ukukusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono izimpawu zakho.
Ukuhlolwa kokuxilongwa
Izimpawu zomlando neziguli zinikezela izinkomba zokuqala zokuhlolwa. Izivivinyo zokuxilonga zifaka:
- I-X-ray yamahlombe
- Umsebenzi wePulmonary Uvivinyo
- Amagesi Egazi Amandla
- Gcwalisa i-Blood Count
Izinketho zokwelapha
Inhloso enkulu yokwelashwa kwe-emphysema ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila, ukunciphisa ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo nokuphatha imimoya yokunciphisa ukuphuza kwabo okubonakalayo oksijini. Izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa:
- Bronchodilators
- Ukwelashwa kwe-Aerosol
- Ama-antibiotics
- Corticosteroids
- Ukwelashwa kwe-oksijeni
Ukuvimbela
Ayikho enye imithwalo yokuvimbela isisindo esingaphezu kwesisindo sokuqeda ukubhema ekuvimbeleni nasekukhatheni kwe-emphysema. Izinketho eziningi zitholakala kulabo ababhemayo abanenkinga yokuziyeka bebodwa. Ngezinsiza zokuyeka ukubhema , ukwelulekwa kanye namaqembu okusekela, ukubhema kungaba yinto esedlule kulabo abanesifiso esinamandla sokwenza izinguquko ezinhle zokuphila.
Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nokuyeka ukubhema , vakashela isigaba se-COPD sokuyeka ukubhema.
Imithombo:
> Isikhungo Sikazwelonke sezeMpilo, 2005. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/emphsema.htm
> Bare, Brenda G. & Smeltzer, uSuzanne C. (1996). I-Brunner ne-Suddarth's Bookbook ye-Medical-Surgical Nursing (i-8th Edition). Philidelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven Abashicileli.