Qonda izinketho
Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa kwemitholampilo kubalulekile uma ucabangela ukuhlanganyela ekuhlolweni komtholampilo . Yize sivame ukucabanga ngezivivinyo zemitholampilo njengezifundo zezokwelapha ukuhlola imithi emisha, kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa ezinenjongo ezahlukene.
Izivivinyo Zokuvimbela Ukuvimbela
Izivivinyo zokuvimbela izivivinyo zengqondo ezibheke izinto nezinto zokuphila ezingakhuphula noma ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza, esinye isimo sempilo noma ngisho nokunciphisa ingozi yengozi.
Izibonelo zokuvivinya ukuvimbela zibandakanya ukuhlola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezibhebhe ezisihlalo kungenza umehluko ekukhungweni kwemoto, yini umphumela wokubhema onengozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, nokuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukufakelwa kwezidakamizwa noma ukudla okunye kunganciphisa yini ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza noma isifo senhliziyo.
Ukuhlolwa kwezilingo zomtholampilo
Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe izindlela zokuthola umdlavuza ezinyathelweni zangaphambili futhi ezinethemba lokuthi zizokwelapha. Izibonelo zokuhlolwa kwezivivinyo yizo ezenzelwe ukuhlola umphumela wokuhlola izilwane ezincelisayo emdlalweni wesifo somdlavuza webele, kanye nomphumela wokuhlola i- serum PSA ngokuphila komdlavuza wesibeletho. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwenziwa okwenziwe ukuthi ngabe ukuhlolwa kokuhlola okuhlukile kungatholakali nje umdlavuza ekuqaleni, kodwa kuthuthukisa ukusinda. Ukubaluleka kwale ngxabano kubangelwa ukuthi noma ngabe ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kungathola umdlavuza ngaphambi kwalokho kungatholakaliswa ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zokodwa, lokhu akuqinisekisi ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuhlola kuzokwenza ngcono ukusinda.
Umkhankaso wamuva we-CT wamaphaphu ekuhlolweni kwabantu abathile-labo ababhema okungenani iminyaka engu-30 yepakethe, baneminyaka ephakathi kuka-55 no-80 ubudala, futhi baye bayeka eminyakeni engu-15 eyedlule noma baqhubeka bebhema-bavunyelwe. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvunyelwe hhayi nje ngoba itholakale ukuthola amanqamu wamaphaphu ngaphambi kokuba atholakale ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zodwa, kodwa ukuthi lokhu kutholakala kubangele izinga lokusinda elithuthukisiwe labantu abahlolwe ngendlela efanele.
Izivivinyo Zemitholampilo Yokuxilonga
Izivivinyo zokuxilonga zihamba ngokungafani nokuhlola izilingo ekubhekeni izindlela ezingcono zokuthola ukuthi umuntu unomdlavuza, kodwa nazo zenziwa ukuze zibone izindlela eziphephile kakhulu, ezincane kakhulu nezingozi kakhulu zokunquma ukuthi ngabe umdlavuza ukhona nokuthi isiteji lowo mdlavuza.
Izivivinyo Zomtholampilo Wezokwelapha
Izivivinyo zokwelapha zenziwa ukuhlola ikhono lemithi, imisebe, ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa, ukuze uphathe umhlabeleli kangcono. Izibonelo zokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha zingase ziqhathaniswe nemithi emibili ehlukene yomdlavuza, yikuphi uhlobo lokuhlinzeka okuncane okungavamile ngenkathi inikeza inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke yokuphila komuntu onomdlavuza, noma zingaki zokwelashwa kwemisebe okwanele ukuphatha umdlavuza.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu kuhlolwa okubandakanya ukwelashwa okuningi, kunezigaba ezihlukene zokuhlolwa kwezifo. Isibonelo, izivivinyo zesigaba sokuqala zomtholampilo yizifundo zokuqala zokwelapha ezenziwa kubantu abambalwa kuphela ukubona ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphephile, kanti izivivinyo zesigaba 4 zenziwa ezitholweni ezivele zivunyelwe i-FDA kodwa zingasebenza ngenye isimo.
Izivivinyo Zokunakekelwa Kwezinsizakalo Zokusekela noma Ikhwalithi Yokuhlolwa Kwempilo
Ucwaningo lwezokucwaninga lwezokunakekelwa luyenziwa ukuhlola ikhono lomuthi, inqubo, noma ukungeneli okungelashwa ngokweqile njengeqembu lokusekela, ukunciphisa izimpawu zomdlavuza noma izimpawu ezihlobene nokwelashwa komdlavuza.
Ngezinye izikhathi ukutholakala kohlobo olulodwa lwesilingo kuzoholela ngokungazelelwe kwimiphumela esebenzayo kolunye uhlobo lokulingwa. Isibonelo esilandelayo senziwa ukubuka umphumela wokunakekelwa ngokucophelela ngekhwalithi yokuphila kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Akuzange nje kuphela ukuthi isifundo sithole ukuthi ukunakekelwa okunjalo kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila, kodwa labo bantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu ababenokudluliselwa kokunakekelwa kwezilonda empeleni bahlala isikhathi eside kunelabo abangazange bathole ukunakekelwa kwezilwane.
Imithombo:
I-National Cancer Institute, Izinhlobo Zemibuzo Yomtholampilo. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/what-are-trials/types.