Abantu abaningi balinde ukubiza umculi we- optometrist uma bebona umbono obonakalayo. Ngeshwa, abaningi bethu benza okufanayo nezingane zethu. Sikhuthazwa ukuthi sihlele ukuhlolwa kweso lapho ingane yethu ihluleka ukubona ukuhlolwa kwesikhundla ehhovisi likazingane noma esikoleni, noma isikhalazo sokuqala somntwana sombono ongenangqondo. Noma kunjalo, izingane zingabhekana nezinkinga zombono we-binocular noma ngaphandle kombono ongekho.
Eqinisweni, i-optometrists kanye ne-ophthalmologists ayisebenzisi impela umbono onqabile wokukwahlulela izingane ezibhekana nezinkinga zombono. Ngenkathi bebheka umbono onzima uma umntwana ekhononda, babuye babheke nezinye izici eziningi lapho behlola izingane. Izinkinga zombono we-binocular zenzeka lapho uhlelo lokubukwa luhluleka ukusebenzisa kokubili amehlo kanye nokunemba. Ngesinye isikhathi lezi zinkinga zingenzeka ngaphandle kokukhononda okungaqondile kombono ongeyena, akude noma kuseduze.
Lokhu okulandelayo yizizathu ezintathu ezinhle zokuthatha ingane yakho kudokotela we-eye ukuze uhlole ukuze uhlole izinkinga ezingabandakanyi ukubonakala okubonakalayo njengesikhalo esikhulu.
I-Latent Hyperopia
I-hyperopia noma i-hypermetropia ibukeka kahle. Ukubhekwa phambili kwesikhashana kuyigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza lapho ukubhekwa phambili kubhekene (lapho imisipha yokugxila isetshenziselwa ukwandisa amandla okugxilisa amehlo). Ukubhekwa phambili kungaba yinto ekhohlisayo. Ezinye izingane kanye nabantu abasha abancane bangakwazi ukubhekwa phambili ngaphandle kokukhononda ngemibono ephukile.
Izingane zinezinhlelo ezinjalo zokugxila ezinamandla ezingakwazi ukugxila kanzima ukuze zikhokhele imali enkulu yokubukeka. Benza ukucacisa umbono wabo, kodwa ngokugxila noma ukuhlala. Omunye onokubona okude okumele abe khona kungase kudingeke agxile kabili kanzima njengomuntu ongekho.
Esikhundleni sokukhononda ngekhanda noma umbono ongenangqondo, izingane ezingenayo i-hyperopia engaqondanga kahle zingase ziyeke ukufunda noma ziphume esikoleni bese zingena enkingeni.
I-Myopia noma i- closesightedness ihlukile. Ngokuvamile, ngandlela-thile, izingane ezingaboni kahle zikhononda ngokuthi azikwazi ukubona izinto ezithile kude, ikakhulukazi ibhodi yesikebhe esikoleni. Namuhla, izikole eziningi zinezikhwama zekhompiyutha ezizosiza emfundweni yabafundi. Odokotela nabazali kudingeka baqaphele nalabo, ngoba uma ukubonana okubonakalayo kwenzeka kancane kancane, izingane aziboni ushintsho embonweni. Ngaphandle uma kungaboni kakhulu, abantu abaningi abaseduze nabo banombono ocacile ebangeni eliseduze, ngakho okungenani izinto eziningi eziseduze nazo zibonakala zicacile.
Njengoba nje izingane ezibheke phambili zikwazi ukubhekwa kakhulu futhi zingakwazi ukukhokhela ngokugxila ezinganeni ezinzima, ezingaboni kahle zingase zingakhononi ngombono ongeziwe. Ezinye izibonakaliso ezifana nezinsizi zingase zikhona kodwa ingane ngeke isamukele, "Ngiyabona okuphazamisayo." Odokotela banganquma ukuthi ubude obukhulu bokulungisa kanjani ngokufaka imithombo yamanzi ehlanjululwayo engakhulisi kuphela ubukhulu bomfundi kodwa futhi ikhubaze isikhashana ukugxila imisipha ngakho yonke inani lokubheka phambili lingalinganiswa.
Lokhu kuzokutshela udokotela ukuthi kuhle kangakanani ukulungiswa okuzobekwa kulo mbukiso noma oxhumana nalo lens.
Ukungakwazi ukuguqula (CI)
Ukungaqiniseki kokuguquka igama elinikezwe isimo lapho umuntu engakwazi ukuguqula khona amehlo ngenkathi egxile ekuhlosweni ebangeni eliseduze. Amehlo avamile aphenduke ngaphakathi noma aguquke futhi akhule ekugxileni amandla lapho ebukela okuthile ebangeni eliseduze lapho uhlelo lokubukwa luvamile. Izindlela ezilawula ukungena ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwemisipha yamehlo kanye nemisipha ngaphakathi kweso elibangela ukuba amehlo agxilise noma afake indawo ahlobene eduze.
Izingane ezikwazi ukuguqulwa kwe-convergence zithola kunzima ukuhlanganisa izithombe ezimbili ndawonye uma ubheka into entsha. Iliso elilodwa lingakhuphuka ngaphandle uma lizama ukugxila egameni eliseduze noma into. Bangase bakwazi ukugxila kuphela, kodwa imisipha yeso isikhathi sinzima kakhulu ukubuyela ngaphakathi. Uma bengakwazi ukuguqula amehlo abo kalula futhi ngokunembile, izingane zingaba nezinkinga zamehlo , umbono ophindwe kabili , ikhanda, ubunzima bokugxila, ugozi noma ukugula okuhambayo.
Abacwaningi baye bathola ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kokuhluleka kokuguquguquka nokukhathazeka kokungaboni kahle kwengqondo (ADHD). Ngenxa yalokho, ukungakwazi ukuguquguquka akukwazi nje ukudala ubunzima bokufunda nokuqonda esikoleni, kodwa kungaba yinkinga kwezinye izifo ezifana ne-ADHD.
Ukwelapha ukungakwazi ukusebenza
Ukwelashwa kokuntuleka kwe-convergence kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu besimo buyini. Nakuba izibuko zingase zidingeke ukuba zibekiwe, ukuguqulwa kokuguquguquka kuvame ukuphathwa ngombono wokwelapha. Ukwelashwa kombono kuqukethe ukuzivocavoca okuthile noma ukuzivocavoca kombono osizayo okungenzeka kwenziwe emsebenzini noma ekhaya ukuqinisa imisipha yeso esivumela ukuba siphendule amehlo ngaphakathi.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okwenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela kunokuba kube nemiphumela emihle ekhaya. Okumangalisa ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zingaqiniswa futhi ziqeqeshwe kahle. Izimpawu zibonakala zithuthukisa kubantu abaningi ngemuva kwamasonto amane okuvivinya umzimba noma ukwelashwa okusizwa ngekhompiyutha.
Ukuguqulwa kokuguquguquka
Ukuguqulwa kokuguquguquka igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukungalingani kwesisindo somzimba lapho amehlo ejwayele ukungena ngaphakathi kakhulu lapho ebuka into eseduze. Lokhu kubangelwa uhlobo oluthile lokungahambisani phakathi kwamehlo nobuchopho. Uhlelo kumele lusebenze kanzima ukugcina ukulungiswa kwamehlo kunalokho okudingekayo. Kwezinye izimo, abantu abahlukunyezwa ngokweqile babona kabili. Ngenxa yokuthi ubuchopho bethu abathandi ukubuka kabili, ubuchopho buqala ukucindezela enye yezithombe lapho kubonakala umbono ophindwe kabili. Ukuguqulwa kokuguquguquka kungathinta eyodwa noma kokubili amehlo.
Uma amehlo ewela, kuthiwa yi- esotropia . Uma ingane inesifiso sokuba amehlo angene kuwo kodwa ingabagcina iqondile isikhathi esiningi, ibizwa ngokuthi i-esophoria. I-esophoria inhlobo ye-esotropia eseceleni. Amehlo angayilawula isikhathi esiningi, kepha uma omunye noma bobabili amehlo ewela empeleni, kubhalwe ukuthi yi-esotropia. Izimpawu zokuqothulwa kwesibindi zivame ukubonakala kabili, ukukhathala kwamehlo, ukukhanda ikhanda, ukudonsa inzwa ezungeze amehlo, ukugoqa ikhanda, noma ukugqanyisa ngokweqile.
Ukuphatha ngokweqile ukuguqulwa kwe-Convergence
Uma ingane ene-excess convergence ifundwa, ibhala, noma isebenza kukhompyutheni, ivame ukukhalaza ngesimo sezulu. Ukwelashwa ngokweqile kwe-convergence nakho kuqukethe ukuqeqeshwa komqondo noma ukuqeqeshwa kombono. Nakuba iziguli eziningi ziphumelele ngokuqeqeshwa kombono, kunzima kakhulu ukulawula kunokuba ngabe ungeke ukwazi ukuguqula. Kulula ukuqeqesha amehlo ukuvula okuningi, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuqeqesha amehlo akho ukuba aphume.
Izikhathi eziningi, ama-eyeglass asebenza kahle kule nkinga. Uma amehlo agxilisekile, kubangela ukuguqulwa okuningi. Kumuntu onokudlulela kwe-convergence, lokhu kubangela ukuba amehlo angene ngaphezulu. Ngama-eyeglass, umsebenzi wokugxila unciphile kanye nesignali yokuguqula. I-Prism nayo ingabekwa. Amaprismasi ashukumisela isithombe ngesimo esithile ukuze iso lingadingeki ukuhambisa okuningi. I-prism ingavumela amehlo ukuba abe ngeso lengqondo noma isikhundla lapho bezwa bekhululekile kakhulu. I-Prism ingezwa kwirekhodi lakho le-eyeglass.
Izwi elivela
Izinto eziningi zingabangela ukucindezeleka kweso ezinganeni. Noma kunjalo, lezi zinkinga ngeke zihlale ziqaphela umzali ngoba aziboni ngaso sonke isikhathi umbono obonakalayo. Ngisho nalapho izingane zibona umbono ongenangqondo, zingase zingakwazi ukuzichaza ngokucacile kubazali bazo. Bangase bacabange nokuthi indlela abayibona ngayo umhlaba ijwayelekile. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlela ucwaningo olunzulu lwezeso ne-optometrist noma i-ophthalmologist ukuhlola lezi zimo njengoba izingane zingena esenkulisa.