Ukuwela Kwamehlo
Ukuhamba okungapheli kwamehlo angaphansi kwezinyanga ezine kuya kwezingu-5 kuvamile. Noma kunjalo, ukuwela njalo kwamehlo kungahle kube ukukhathazeka. Uma ilanga liwela ngaphakathi libizwa ngokuthi isotrophetho. U-Esotropia uhlobo lohlobo lwe-strabismus. "Eso" kusho ukujika ngaphakathi ngasempeni. I-esotropia ingenzeka ngeso elilodwa nje noma enye phakathi kokubili amehlo. Akuvamile ukuthi bobabili amehlo bawele ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Izimbangela
Isizathu se-esotropiya sincike lapho kuqala khona. Kubantu abadala, ukuqala kwesimo sokusakaza kwe-esotropi kungazelelwe kube uphawu lwesimo esibi kakhulu. Ezinganeni nasezincane, isotropia ngokuvamile isibonakaliso sokuthuthukiswa okungavamile kwesistimu ye-binoculars eyenziwa ebuchosheni. Nokho, kunezinye izimbangela. Ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-4 kuya kwezingu-5 ubudala, ukuwela okuphakathi kuyavame ukujwayelekile futhi kuyisibonakaliso sokufunda indlela yokusebenzisa amehlo ndawonye njengendlela. Ezinye izingane nezinhlanga zingase zibe nombono ongathandabuzeki. Lesi yisimo lapho ibhuloho lempumulo lingakhulumi ngokugcwele noma elihle ngaphezu kokuvamile. Lezi zinezingane "zinezimpungushe eziqhamukayo" ezenza kube sengathi iso liphenduka kancane. Njengoba usana lukhula, lokhu kubonakala kuvama futhi amehlo abo avela evamile.
Izinhlobo
Isiqhingi sase-Congenital: Isi-esotropia esivumelwaneni luhlobo lwama-esotropia ukuthi izingane zizalwa nazo. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa i-wiring engavamile yezinzwa noma ukuthuthukiswa okungavamile ezindaweni ezithinta ingqondo.
I-esotropia yangasese evame ukuvela ekuseni kakhulu phakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezingu-4 kanti ubukhulu bokuphambuka noma iso buphendukela kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, izinsana ezine-esotropia ezingakhulelwe zingenayo inqwaba yokubukeka noma ukubonakala kweso . Kunalokho kubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa okungajwayelekile kwesistimu ye-binocular.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokulungisa isotropia esandulela ukuzalwa isifo sokuhlinzwa. Ukuhlinzwa akuhloswe ukuhlinzeka indlela yokuba amehlo asebenze ndawonye ngendlela evamile kodwa kunalokho ukulungisa ukuphambuka ukuze kube nokubukeka okungcono kwezithokozi. Amehlo angase asebenze ngokuphelele ndawonye, kepha ingane izoba nokubukeka okukhulu kakhulu kwezimonyo.
I-esotropia yokuhlala : I-esotropi yokungena etholakala cishe eminyakeni engama-2. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa inkinga ngezinhlelo ezimbili ezilawula imisipha yethu ye-eye nenani amehlo ethu agxila kuyo. Uhlelo lokuhlala (ukugxila ohlelweni) luvumela amehlo ethu ukuba ashintshe amandla nokugxila ukuze izinto zihlale zicacile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibanga. Uhlelo lwe-binocular / alignment lulawula indlela amehlo ethu asebenza ngayo. Uma sibheka kude, amehlo ethu aqondile. Uma sibheka into esondelene kakhulu, amehlo ethu ajika noma aphenduke futhi amehlo ethu akhulise amandla abo okugxila. Uma sibheke emuva ibanga, siphumuza amandla ethu okugcizelela futhi amehlo abuye abuyele.
Izingane ezincane zinamandla amaningi okugxila. Ngenxa yalokho, uma ingane inesibalo esikhulu kakhulu sokungaqondakali kahle, ingane izama ukwenza izinto zicaciswe ngokugxila ngaphezulu. Ukuze kufeze lokho, kufanele bagxile okuningi ukukhokhela inkinga engabonakali yombono.
Uma begxila kakhulu lokhu, amasistimu e-binocular and focusing begin to get signs. Ngokuvamile, iso elilodwa lizophendukela. Okushayela uhlelo lokugxila kubuye futhi luthumele izimpawu zomzimba we-muscle ukuguqula amehlo ngaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, uma kufanele bagxile ngalokhu okuningi, izimpawu ezingavamile ziya emisipha yamehlo bese iso elilodwa lingena bese liwela. Ezinye izingane zingase zingabizi futhi amehlo azo ngeke aphenduke, kepha bazoba nombono obi kakhulu ngoba azikho ngaphezu kokugxila. Ubuchopho babo bakhetha ukugcina imisipha iqondile, kodwa bayabona isithombe esicacile kakhulu.
Izinkinga
I-Amblyopia : I-Amblyopia yinkinga evame ukuthuthukiswa ehlotshaniswa nesototropia.
I-Amblyopia yisimo esenzeka lapho omunye noma bobabili amehlo bengaboni isithombe esicacile. Uma isithombe singakaze sibonakale ngokucacile isikhathi esanele eside, ukulahleka kombono okungapheli kungase kuthuthuke. E-esotropia, iso elilodwa lingashintshwa. Uma iso liphendukile, ubuchopho ngokuvamile buyanyusa noma buyalahla isithombe iso elibonayo. Uma kungenjalo, umuntu onesifo se-esotropia uzobona kabili njalo. Uma ubuchopho buqeda leso siso njalo, inqubo evamile yokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yezinzwa zabantu iphazamiseka futhi iphoswe ngokungalungile. Isistimu yezinzwa zesifo somuntu "ipulasitiki" kakhulu kuze kufike eminyakeni engu-7 kanti abanye abacwaningi bathi kuze kube neminyaka engu-14. Ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engu-14, ubuchopho kanye nesistimu yezinzwa ziba nzima kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuthuthukisa umbono emuva kokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kokuqala kubalulekile. Uma ukwelashwa okunonya kuqala esemncane, ukuthuthukisa embonweni kungenzeka.
Ukuntula ukuqonda okujulile ukuqonda : Abantu nezilwane banombono ojulile ngoba banamehlo amabili. Ukuqhubeka nokuhlukanisa amehlo esilwane, ukuqonda okungcono kangcono. Uma ilanga elilodwa liphendulwa noma licindezelwe, umuntu onesototropia ubona kuphela ngeso elilodwa. Nakuba kunezinhlawulo zemvelo zokugweba ukujula, ukuqonda kwangempela kokuqonda kuncishisiwe. Abantu abane-esotropiya banenkinga enzima yokubuka izithombe ezintathu nemisindo. Lokhu kungase kuthinte ukusebenza kwezemidlalo noma ukusebenza komsebenzi esikhathini esizayo.
> Umthombo:
> Ukuphathwa kwemitholampilo yombono we-binocular. Uhlelo lwesithathu. > Shieman >, M., Wick, B., 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, ISBN-13 978-07817-7784-1