Kusuka ekuphikiseni okuqala kumingcele yamanje kwiSayensi
Ama-stem cells amangqamuzana akhethekile angakwazi ukuthuthukisa abe yizinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezahlukene zeseli. Akufani nanoma iyiphi enye iseli ngezizathu ezintathu eziqondile:
- Akazifundile, okusho ukuthi abanalo umsebenzi oqondile emzimbeni.
- Unamandla okuba amangqamuzana akhethekile afana namaseli obuchopho, amangqamuzana omzimba, namaseli egazi.
- Bangakwazi ukwahlukana nokuvuselela njalo isikhathi eside.
Njengamanje, amangqamuzana egazi ewuhlobo kuphela olusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa njalo. Ezimweni ze- leukemia noma i-lymphoma , lolu hlobo lweseli lisetshenziselwa inqubo esivame ukubhekwa njengendlela yokufakelwa komnkantsha wamathambo. Kule njongo, kuphela umuntu omdala olingana namaseli asetshenziswayo.
Uma kuziwa ekucwaningeni ucwaningo lweseli , amangqamuzana angase avele kunoma iyiphi inhlobo yemithombo ehlukene, kuhlanganise nabanikeli abadala , imibungu, noma amangqamuzana omuntu ashintshwe ngokofuzo.
Ama-stem Amaseli e-Bone Marrow Transplants
Amangqamuzana omnkantsha enza wonke amangqamuzana egazi aphilile, afaka amaseli egazi abomvu, amaseli egazi amhlophe, namaplatelet. Amaseli ase-Hematopoietic stem yilawo atholakala ematheni asetshenziselwa "umzali" kuzo zonke lezi zinhlobo zamaseli.
Ama-stem cells ase-Hematopoietic asetshenziselwa umuntu onomdlavuza ukusiza ukugcwalisa umnkantsha wamathambo. Le nqubo ivame ukusetshenziswa lapho i-high-dose chemotherapy iqeda ngokuphumelelayo ama-stem cells asekhona emangeni lomuntu.
Ukuze kulungiswe lokhu, kunikezwe ama-stem cells ajojowe emgodini futhi ekugcineni ahlale emnothweni wamathambo lapho aqala ukukhiqiza amaseli wegazi enempilo, amasha.
Ukuguqulwa kwama-Cell Stem Transplant
Eminyakeni edlule, umthombo kuphela wamaseli we-hematopoietic stem yilabo abathathwa emnothweni wamathambo. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuthola ukuthi amaningi alawa maseli ayehamba ngokukhululekile egazini.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ososayensi bafunde ukuthi bangavuna kanjani la maseli ukuba basakaze igazi futhi bawafakise ngqo kumnikeli.
Lolu hlobo lokufakelwa kabusha-olubizwa ngokuthi ukufakelwa kwegazi lwe-stem cell cell, noma i-PBSCT - luye yindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu, nakuba zombili izindlela zisasetshenziswa. I-PBSCT iyingxenye encane kakhulu futhi ayidingi ukususwa komnkantsha kusuka esitokisini se-hip.
Ama-Static Stem Amaseli
Ama-stem cells omdala, okuthiwa ama-cell stem cells, atholakala kumnikeli womuntu. I-Hematopoietic stem cells iyisibonelo esaziwa kakhulu. Ososayensi bathole amangqamuzana angama-somatic stem ezingxenyeni eziningi kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ngaphambili, kuhlanganise nobuchopho, imisipha yamahlumela, isikhumba, amazinyo, inhliziyo, ugundane, isibindi, amaseli e-ovarian, kanye ne-testis.
Amaseli we-Embryonic Stem
Amaseli e-embryonic stem aphikisana nawo ngoba atholakala emibungu yabantu eyabhujiswa noma evunwa isayensi. Amaseli e-embryonic stem ayakhula kuqala ebhokisithribhu ngo-1998 ngezinhloso zokuzala. Namuhla, asetshenziselwa ukucwaninga ngemithi yokwelashwa noma ukuphulukiswa kwamagciwane, ukuphuphuthekisa, isifo sikashukela sabantu abesilisa, i-Parkinson, ukulimala kwentambo yomgogodla, kanye nezifo zofuzo zomzimba.
Amaseli e-embryonic stem angama-pluripotent, okusho ukuthi akwazi ukukhula abe yizinhlobo ezintathu zezingqimba zegciwane ezenza umzimba womuntu (i-ectoderm, i-mesoderm, i-endoderm).
Ngamanye amazwi, angathuthuka abe yizinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zamaseli uma kuchaziwe ukwenza kanjalo.
Amaseli we-Stripotent ahlaselwe
Amaseli we-pluripotent stem, noma i-iPSCs, amangqamuzana angama-somatic avela aphinde aphindwe kabusha njengama-embryonic cell cells. I-iPSC ngokuvamile iqala njengesikhumba noma amaseli egazi abese ehlela izinhlelo zofuzo.
I-iPSC yaqala ukuthuthukiswa ngo-2006 futhi ibeka inzuzo eyodwa enkulu ngaphezu kwamaseli angama-somatic nama-embryonic stem: angenziwa ngendlela ehambisana nesiguli. Lokho kusho ukuthi ilabhu ingahle ihlele-yenza i-pluripotent line-stem cell line ngayinye kusuka kumaseli noma izicubu zomuntu siqu.
> Imithombo:
> Simara, P .; Motl, J .; no-Kaufman, D. "I-Pluripotent Stem Cells kanye ne-Gene Therapy." Ukuhumusha kabusha. 2013; 161 (4): 284-292.
> Al-Shamekh, S. and Goldberg, J. "Ukulungiswa Okubuyiselwayo Ngama-Stem Cell St Induced." Ukuhumusha kabusha. 2014; 163 (4): 377-386.
> I-Finkbeiner, S. no-Spence, J. "Umsebenzi Owenziwe Ngama-Gutsy: Ukukhiqiza Amathishu Amathumbu Emathunjini Amadokhumenti E-Human Pluripotent Stem." Izifo Zama-Digestive and Sciences. 2013; 58 (5): 1176-1184.