Kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kunolwazi oluningi kanye nezinhlangano ezivimbela i-leukemia ne-lymphoma ndawonye. Uyini umehluko futhi yiziphi ukufana phakathi kwama-leukemi nama-lymphomas?
Umehluko Phakathi kwama-Leukemi namaLymphomas
Ama-leukemi ne-lymphomas ngokuvamile ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Isizathu sokuthi lokhu kungukuthi bobabili babhekwa ngokuthi "khansa ehlobene negazi".
Lokhu kuqhathaniswa "nezicubu eziqinile" ezifana nomdlavuza webele noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Sizoxoxa ngezinye zalezi zingxabano ezivela ezichasweni kanye nemvelaphi yamaseli, kodwa kubalulekile ukuphawula ngokushesha ukuthi kukhona okunye. Kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kweqembu lama-cancers okuthiwa i-leukemias kanye nezifo ezihlukaniswa njenge-lymphomas. Eqinisweni, uzobona ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi enye yezimpawu ze-leukemia ivame kakhulu kunhlobo olulodwa lwe-lymphoma kunezinye i-leukemias, futhi ngokufanayo. Isibonelo lapho sikhuluma ngokungafani phakathi nesikhathi lapho lezi zomshukela zenzeka khona. I-leukemia iyisifo somdlavuza osemncane kakhulu, futhi sivame ukucabanga nge-leukemi njengezifo zezingane kanye ne-lymphomas njengama-cancers ezenzeka kubantu abadala. Kodwa izinhlobo eziningi ze-leukemia zivame kakhulu kubantu abadala, kanti ezinye izinhlobo ze-lymphoma, njenge- Hodgkin's lymphoma , zivame ukutholakala kubantu abasha.
Njengoba siqaphela ukuthi kunezinqwaba eziningi kanye nokunye okuhlukile, ake sibheke umehluko ovamile phakathi kwama-leukemi nama-lymphomas.
Izincazelo ezahlukene ze-Leukemia ne-Lymphoma
I-leukemia ne-lymphoma ichazwa ngendlela engase ibonakale ingaqondakali ngamazinga anamuhla, ngokungafani okuningi kanye nemibono ehlanganiswayo.
Lokhu kuyingxenye ngoba lezi zincazelo zakhiwe esikhathini esidlule, kusukela ngo-1800. Nazi umehluko emibili oyinhloko kuncazelo, ukuqala nge:
- Into eyinhloko okufanele uyiqaphele ukuthi ngabe ukulimala ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nezinombolo eziphezulu zamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, noma ama-leukocyte, ajikeleza ekujikelezeni komzimba, noma egazini. Kokubili amangqamuzana egazi abomvu namhlophe akhiwa ngaphakathi kwamathambo athile omzimba, emnothweni wethambo , futhi "igazi legazi" lichaza lawo maseli awakhiphe emithanjeni yegazi futhi ayisekho emrandeni. Lokhu okweqile kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazini kumsakazo wegazi wegazi kuyinto ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-leukemia.
- Enye into eyinhloko yokwazi ukuthi ngabe lesi sifo siqala ukubandakanywa komnkantso wamathambo, okubuye kube nokujwayelekile kwe-leukemia.
Manje, ake sihlole amagama wezokwelapha empeleni asetshenziselwa ukuchaza i-leukemia ne-lymphoma.
- I-Lymphoma ichazwa ngokuthi "noma yikuphi ukulimala kwezicubu ze-lymphoid." Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izicubu ze-lymphoid, ubuza? Izicubu ze-lymphoid zihlanganisa kokubili amaseli kanye nezitho. Amaseli-kufaka phakathi amaseli egazi amhlophe-nezinhlaka-kubandakanya i- thymus , umnkantsha wamathambo, i-lymph nodes, ne-spleen. Uhlobo lweselula oluvame kakhulu emzimbeni we-lymphoid yi- lymphocyte . Ngaphezu kwezitho, izicubu ze-lymphoid zihlanganisa nokuqoqwa kwamaseli asemzimbeni wonke, kumasayithi aqhinga ukulwa nabahlaseli. Izibonelo zalezi zingosi zihlanganisa amathoni, izindawo eziphefumulayo, ngaphansi kwezingqimba zamanzi ezinomuncu, njengalezi zitho zomzimba, nezinye izicubu zomzimba.
- I-leukemia ichazwa ngokuthi "isifo esiqhubekayo, esibulalayo sezingxenye ezenza igazi, esibonakala ngokusakaza okuphambene nokuthuthukiswa kwama-leukocyte kanye nezandulelayo ezisegazini nasematheni emathambo." Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izitho ezenza igazi, ubuza? Kubantu abadala, umnyofu wethambo uveza wonke amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amaningi amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe abizwa ngokuthi ama- granulocytes . Nakuba ukukhula kwe-lymphocyte kuqala emangeni, bathuthela emathisini e-lymphoid, ikakhulukazi i-thymus, i-spleen, ne-lymph nodes, futhi lezi zicubu zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni nasekuvuthweni kwe-lymphocytes. (Kukhona umehluko phakathi kwe-B lymphocytes ( amangqamuzana e-B ) nama-T lymphocyte ( T cells ) kodwa ngenhloso yale ngxoxo ngeke sihlanganise nalokhu.) Ama-tissue akhethekile we-pleen, isibindi, ama-lymph nodes nezinye izitho nazo zibalulekile ekuvuthweni kwe- monocytes .
Lolu mhlahlandlela olunzulu lokuqonda amasosha omzimba kungasiza ukucacisa izindima nezindawo zamaseli egazi kanye namathisimu e-lymphoid emzimbeni.
* Qaphela: Uma kubonakala sengathi incazelo lapha ye-leukemia ne-lymphoma ihamba ngezindlela eziningi, ulungile. Lokhu kuzobhekwa kabanzi ngezansi.
2. Izimpawu ezihlukene phakathi kwama-Leukemi neLymphomas
I-leukemia ne-lymphoma ayitholakali ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zodwa; izimpawu eziningi zihamba noma azicaci ngezifo, kuyilapho ezinye izimpawu zingase zibe izici eziningi zesifo esisodwa noma esinye.
Izimpawu ze-lymphoma ziyahlukahluka futhi zingafaka ukuvuvukala okungenabuhlungu kwe-lymph nodes . Lezi zinhlayiya ze-lymph zingase zibonakale entanyeni yakho, izimpumputhe noma ubuhlungu, noma kungase kubonakale ekucwaningweni kwe-imaging (njengama-node e-mediastinal, ama-retroperitoneal nodes, nokuningi.) Ezinye izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, umkhuhlane, kanye nezikhukhula, izithukuthuku zasebusuku noma ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-leukemia zingaveza izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bethambo kanye nokuhlanganyela, ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, isikhumba esikhuphukile (ngenxa yamazinga aphansi amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- anemia ,) ukuphuma kalula noma ukulimala (ngenxa yamazinga aphansi amapuleti, noma i-thrombocytopenia,) umkhuhlane, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, nezinye izimpawu, kubandakanya i-lymph nodes evuvukile, isilwane nesibindi.
Abantu abane-lymphomas bangase babe nezibonakaliso ezibhekisela ezinkomba zeB, okuvame ukukhombisa umdlavuza okhudlwana noma okhula ngokushesha. Izimpawu ze-lymphoma ze-B zihlanganisa imfiva, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingenasisekelo, nokuthungula ebusuku,
Izinhlobo ezihlukene zama-Cell of Origin and Cell in the Circulation
Ukuchaza izinhlobo ezahlukene zamangqamuzana kanye nemvelaphi yamanomdla emkhatsini we-leukemi ne-lymphomas kulula ngokuchaza izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezifo.
Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyisisekelo ze-leukemia.
Nazi okuqala kokubili:
1. I-myeloid leukemia, noma i-AML
2. I-leememia ye-myeloid engapheli, noma i-CML
Njengoba la magama ephakamisa, izinhlobo ezimbili ze-leukemia ziyi "myeloid," okusho ukuthi "noma kufana nomnkantso wamathambo," okwenza kunengqondo, ngoba umnkantsha umuthi womzimba wokwenza amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Kodwa igama elithi myeloid libuye libhekisela eqenjini lamaseli ahlukanisa, noma akhule, avela okhokho oyedwa-isilwane se- myeloid progenitor . Ngakho, ngenxa yalowo 'myeloid' egameni, sibhekisela emangqamuzaneni e-tissue-forming tissues avela endaweni efanayo yomuthi wamangqamuzana egazi ezimhlophe.
Manje bheka izinhlobo ezimbili ze-leukemia:
3. I-leukemia esebenzayo i-lymphocytic, noma i-ALL
4. I-lymphocytic leukemia, noma i-CLL
Manje, nge-ALL kanye ne-CLL, kungase kubonakale sengathi sinenkinga enkulu ngezincazelo zethu ...
Izinhlobo ezimbili zesibili ze-leukemia zivela ... i- lymphocyte lineage .
Ngokuyisisekelo, i-ALL kanye ne-CLL kufanele ibe yi-lymphomas, -ngabe i-lymphocytic-ne-lymphocytes yi-cell cell eyingxenye yamathambo e-lymphoid. Hhayi, hhayi ngempela. Nakuba i-lymphocytes yizingqamuzana ezibalulekile emathisini e-lymphoid, ziqala emnkantsheni wamathambo bese zifudukela emathisini lymphoid. Ukwengeza, manje sekuyisikhathi sokubuyela emuva kuleso sigatshana sokubambisana nencazelo ye-leukemia: "... ekhonjwe ukusabalala okuphambene nokuthuthukiswa kwama-leukocyte kanye nabangaphambili bayo egazini nasomninini wethambo."
Ukwanda, noma ukukhula nokuphindaphinda, kwamaseli amhlophe egazi kanye nezandulela-phambili emnothweni wethambo- nokukhona egazini-kuyingxenye yencazelo yeLeukemia ekhonza ukuhlukanisa ama-leukemia amaningi kusuka kuma-lymphomas amaningi.
Nazi izinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo ze-lymphoma:
1. I-Hodgkin's lymphoma, noma i-HL
2. I-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, noma i-NHL
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-kansela zitholakala kuma-lymphocyte noma izimbangi zabo-la maseli lymphoma ngeke avame ukuvela egazini legazi, okusho ukuthi ngeke bakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi i-leukemi.
** Kukhona okuhlukile. Futhi, ezinye izidakamizwa zinezici zomzimba we-leukemia kanye ne-lymphoma.
4. Ukungqubuzana Kwengozi Phakathi kwama-Leukemi namaLymphomas
Kukhona umehluko kulezi zenzakalo, noma ukuthi kaningi kangakanani ama-leukemi nama-lymphomas akhona. Ngokuvamile, abantu abaningi bakhula i-lymphomas kunama-leukemi.
Nazi izilinganiso ze-American Cancer Society ezenzelwe amacala amasha ngo-2017 ephulwe phansi ngama-subtypes:
I-Lymphoma - abantu abangu-80,500
- 72,240 i-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- 8,260 i-Hodgkin's lymphoma
I-leukemia - abantu abangu-62,130
- 21380 i-myeloid leukemia
- I-6 660 i-myeloid leukemia engavamile
- 5970 i-lucphocytic acute leukemia
- I-20,110 i-lymphocytic leukemia
- 5 720 enye i-leukemia
5. Ukungqubuzana Phakathi Nesikhathi Esiqhathaniswa Nama-Leukemias ne-Lymphomas
I-leukemia yisifo somdlavuza osemncane kunazo zonke, okubalwa cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezinganeni. Iqembu lesibili elivame kakhulu lezingane zomdlavuza wezingane yizifo ezimbi zesimiso sezinzwa eziphakathi, kuhlanganise nezicubu zomzimba. Ngokuqhathanisa, i-lymphomas iqukethe amaphesenti ayishumi kuphela e-kansa yengane.
Ngokuphambene, izilonda eziningi zivame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-55.
Kukhona ukuqhuma, isibonelo, njengoba amanye ama-leukemia angapheli avamile kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile, kanti i-Hodgkin's lymphoma inokuqala kwesikhala phakathi kweminyaka engama-15 no-40.
Ngezansi Kufana Nokuhlukahluka Phakathi kwama-Leukemi neLymphomas
Zombili i-leukemi ne-lymphomas zibhekwa ngokuthi "i-cancer ehlobene negazi" futhi zibandakanya amaseli adlala ebalulekile ekuzivikelweni komzimba. Kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokubili okushiwo ngenhla, kodwa uma kuphulwa yi-leukemi ne-lymphomas ethize kuningi kakhulu.
Mhlawumbe umehluko omkhulu ukuhlukanisa lezi zomshukela ehlobene negazi kanye "nezicubu eziqinile." Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa okwandisa isikhathi sokuphila sekuqhubekele phambili kulabo abanama-leukemia asezingeni eliphezulu kanye nama-lymphomas kunelabo abanezikhumba eziqinile. Isibonelo, ukutholakala kwe-Gleevec yokwelashwa okuhlosiwe (imatinib) kuye kwashintsha isifo esingenayo isifo esiwumshayabhuqe esingaba khona emhlabeni jikelele ekubeni yisifo esibulalayo emhlabeni wonke esimweni esingasakwazi ngaso manje ukuphatha njengesifo esingapheli, ukulawula lesi sifo isikhathi esingenamkhawulo. I-lucphocytic i-leukemia ephindaphindiwe yayivame ukubulala ngokushesha, kodwa cishe amaphesenti angu-90 wezingane ezinesifo manje angaphulukiswa. Kulabo abaneHymgkin's lymphoma, isikhathi sokuphila sesithuthukisiwe kakhulu. Lesi sifo, esinesilinganiso se-10 seminyaka engu-5 sokusinda eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule, manje sinesilinganiso seminyaka engu-5 sokusinda samaphesenti angaphezu kuka-90 ekuqaleni kwesigaba kanye namaphesenti angaba ngu-50 wesigaba sesine.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, amanxeba amane e-tumor aqinile, njengomdlavuza webele, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, nomdlavuza we-pancreatic awuphilwanga futhi cishe uyafa njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokho kusho ukuthi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengezokwelapha ezithintekile kanye nokuzivikela nge- immunotherapy zinikeza ithemba lokuthi labo abanezinkinga eziqinile bazogcina belandela ukuthuthukiswa kokuphila lapho abantu abaningi abanegazi elihlobene negazi manje bebona.
> Imithombo
- > I-American Cancer Society. Amanani nezinombolo ze-Cancer 2017. https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/all-cancer-facts-figures/cancer-facts-figures-2017.html
- > National Cancer Institute. I-Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ) - I-Health Professional Version. Kubuyekezwe 04/13/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq
- > National Cancer Institute. I-Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ) - I-Health Professional Version. Kubuyekezwe 01/27/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq
- > National Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa Okumangalisayo Kwe-Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ) - I-Health Professional Version. Kubuyekezwe 04/14/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-all-treatment-pdq