I-Central serous retinopathy (CSR) yisimo se-retinal esithinta abasha kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwabantu abangenazo izimpawu zangaphambilini noma izimpawu zesifo se-retinal. Isilinganiso sobudala sokuqala siphakathi kweminyaka engu-30, kodwa sithela kusukela ekupheleni kwe-20s kuya ekupheleni kwe-50s. Kubonakala kuthinta abesilisa abaningi kunabesifazane ngokwesilinganiso se-10 kuya ku-1, nakwabantu baseCaucasia kunanoma yimuphi omunye umhlanga. Ngokuthakazelisayo, kubonakala sengathi kuthinta abantu abane-type-A ubuntu, futhi.
Izimpawu
Abantu abane-CSR bavame ukukhononda ngombono ophakathi nendawo okungaqondile noma ophikisayo, ngokuvamile ehlotsheni elilodwa. Kungathinta kokubili amehlo, kodwa lokhu akuvamile. Abantu abakhuthaza i-CSR ngezinye izikhathi baba khona okwesikhashana, futhi bangase bakhononde imigqa eqondile ebonakala ephikisiwe noma eboshwe.
Izimbangela
I-CSR ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "idiopathic" serous chorioretinopathy, ngoba imbangela eqondile ayaziwa. Kukhona ukungqubuzana okuningi emphakathini wezokwelapha ngokuthi kungani abanye abantu behlakulela lesi sifo; isihloko esivame ukuphindaphindiwe sibonakala sigxile, futhi isimo sibonakala senzeka lapho izinga lokucindezeleka liphakeme empilweni yomuntu. Futhi, abantu abasebenzisa i-steroids ngomlomo basengozini encane yokuthuthukisa lesi sifo. Ukuntuleka kokulala kubonakala sengathi kudlala indima.
Isimo siqala phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili zeso. Ingqimba ye-photoreceptor ye- retina ingaphezulu kwe- choroid , isendlalelo esisebenza ekunakekeleni i-retina.
Phakathi kwe-choroid kanye nesendlalelo se-photoreceptor ungqimba lwezingulube ze-retinal pigment epithelial, okubizwa ngokuthi i-RPE. Umcengezi we-RPE ulawula ukugeleza kwezakhi nemfucuza ku-retina.
Uma umuntu edala i-CSR, i-RPE ishintshwe esifundeni se-macular se-retina. I- macula iyinxenye ekhethekile kakhulu ye-retina ephakathi esinika umbono ocacile, ozwakalayo ophakathi.
Amaseli ejwayelekile we-RPE anamaqembu aqinile kakhulu; lezi zibopho eziqinile zivimbela ukuvuza kwamanzi. Ku-CSR, kukhona okwenzekayo ukuvumela lezi zikhala zokukhulula nokudiliza, okuvumela uketshezi ukuthi kuphume. Amaseli amaningi aphuka, futhi isilawuli se-RPE sitholakale ngempela ukuze senze i-cyst encane endaweni ye-macula. I-cyst ishintsha isimo se-retina (esifana nokugoqa ifilimu ekhamera) futhi iphazamise umbono.
Ukuxilongwa
Izindlela ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa ukuthola i-CSR:
- I-Ophthalmoscopy: Odokotela bamaziso basebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukubuka ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kungahle kungabandakanyi amaconsi e- eye ahlanza ukuzindla okukhethekile ukuze akhulise umfundi ukuze udokotela ahlole kalula ngaphakathi kweso. Ngokujwayelekile, i-cyst noma i-bubble yezicubu zingabonakala.
- I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): I- OCT isebenzisa ukukhanya ukubona ngeso lengqondo izigaba ezahlukene ze-retina. Lokhu kuhlolwa kunika udokotela umbono obanzi kakhulu ukuze abone ukuthi ukuvuza kwamanzi kagesi kukhona. Ukuhlolwa akubuhlungu, kuyashesha futhi ngokuvamile akudingi ukuba amaconsi afakwe esweni.
- I-Fluorescein angiography: Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa indlela yokujola idayi ekhethekile emsakazweni wegazi, bese ubona ukusakazwa kwaladayi ngaphakathi kweso.
Ukwelapha
I-CSR iphathwa kuphela ngemuva kokucatshangelwa ngokucophelela, njengoba amacala amaningi ekugcineni axazulula ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
Kunconywa ukuthi isiguli sizame ukuphumula futhi sithole amahora angu-8 sokulala ubusuku bonke, nokuvivinya umzimba njalo kuvunyelwe kakhulu. Uma lesi simo sihlala ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-4-6, odokotela be-retinal bayokwelapha i-CSR ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- I-photocoagulation ye-Laser: I- Photocoagulation yinkqubo lapho udokotela esebenzisa khona laser elishisayo endaweni yetshezi. I-laser izobangela ukunyuka okuncane okunomsoco, okuzuzisayo kumaseli we-pigment epithelial, ukumisa ukuvuza okuketshezi.
- I-Photodynamic Therapy (i-PDT): I- PDT isebenzisa ubude obukhulu bokukhanya kanye nomkhiqizo othize we-photoactive, okuthiwa i-Visudyne, ukunciphisa ukuvuza okuketshezi nokuvikela ekuthuthukiseni izinhlobo ezimbi kakhulu zesifo.
Okufanele Ukwazi Nge-CSR
Nakuba i-serous retinopathy eyinhloko ingaba nomthelela embonweni wakho, iningi labantu linama-prognosis amahle kakhulu futhi alikho ukwelashwa nhlobo. Amaphesenti aphezulu abantu alulame umbono okungenani 20 / 20-20 / 40 phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-1-6. Ngesinye isikhathi basenokuphazanyiswa okunye kombono, kodwa kunomusa kakhulu.
Uma i-CSR ingaphululi ezinyangeni ezingu-6, odokotela abaningi bazobheka ukwelashwa. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlukumeza okungathí sina kungakhula lapho imithwalo yegazi evela e-choroid iqala ukukhula ibe yindawo ngaphansi kwe-retina. Izicubu ze-Scar zingase zenze, okungabangela ukulahlekelwa kombono okuphawulekayo uma kushiywa kungaphathwa.
Umthombo:
U-Alexander, uLarry J. Ukunakekelwa Okuyinhloko Kwesigaba Esiphansi, Edition Yesibili. Appleton & Lange, 1994.