Izimpawu Nezokwelapha
Kuzwakala kuyesabeka, kodwa imbobo ye-macular empeleni imbobo ebusweni lakho. I-macula iyindawo ekhethekile kakhulu ye- retina ephakathi esinika ikhono lokubona imininingwane enhle. Sisebenzisa umbono wethu we-macula nephakathi kokubona izinto ngokuningiliziwe uma ufunda noma ushayela. Ngokuvamile kuvela kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-60, izimbobo ze-macular zingabangela ukulahlekelwa okusheshayo kombono ophakathi.
Izimpawu
Izimbobo zamathambo ngokuvamile zikhula kancane. Ekuqaleni, ungase ubone izinhlamvu ezingekho ngesikhathi ufunda, ukuhlanekezela umbono noma ukubuka okumbindi phakathi kweso. Imiphetho eqondile ingase ibonakale ikhotshiwe noma i-wavy. Ezimweni eziphambili, ungase ube nenani elikhulu lokulahlekelwa kombono ophakathi noma uqaphele indawo engekho embonweni wakho.
Izimbangela
Ingxenyeni yangaphambili yeso igcwele i-gel-like substance ebizwa nge-vitreous. I-vitreous ilandelwa i-retina ezindaweni ezithile ngamafayili amancane. Njengoba sikhula, i-vitreous iqala ukucwilisa futhi iwele phansi. Uma lokhu kuqala ukwenzeka, i-vitreous ingase isuke e-retina. Abantu abaningi asebekhulile abaqapheli le nqubo (okuyinto evamile) kodwa abantu abambalwa bayazibona " izintambo " ezingangena futhi ziphume embonweni wazo. Ngeshwa, ngezinye izikhathi i-gel isuka kude ne-macula, futhi, ibangele imbobo ye-macular. Kwezinye izimo, izintambo ezincane eziboshwe kwi-retina zingadonsa i-macula futhi zidale imbobo ye-macular.
I-Fluid ingase iqoqe futhi ibangele umbono ophikisayo noma ongenangqondo.
Izinhlobo zama-Macular Holes
Izimbobo ezinama-macular zihlukaniswa ngokususelwa kusayizi nokuqhubekela phambili. Kunezinyathelo ezintathu ze-macular hole:
- Isigaba 1 (i-macular cyst): I-hole entsha ye-macular ngezinye izikhathi ibonakala njenge-cyst yellow yellow. Kufika kuma-cysts angu-50% we-macular ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi i-macula ibuyela emuva evamile.
- Isiteji sesi-2 (imbobo yokuqala ye-macular): I-cyst iqala ukuthatha imbobo, i-crescent noma i-horsehoe shape. Umbono uqala ukwehla, ukuguquka noma ukufiphaza. Kuze kube ngu-70% wesiteji sesi-2 izimbobo eziqhubekela phambili esigabeni 3.
- Isigaba sesi-3 (ukuqina okugcwele kwe-macular hole): Isiteji sesithathu sichazwa ngobukhulu bayo. Abantu abanezimbobo zesigaba 3 bavame ukuthuthukisa izinkinga ezibalulekile zombono. Izimbobo ze-macular ze-Stage 3 nazo zichazwe umgqomo wezicubu eziphakeme.
- Isigaba sesi-4: Isiteji sesi-4 se-macular sifana nesiteji sesi-3 kodwana nesiguli sinomsebenzi we-vitreous we-posterior.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Macular Hole
Uma umgodi we-macular ungabangelwa ukuhlukumezeka noma kuvela nezinye izifo zeso, umgodi ungaphathwa ngenye ithuba elihle lokuphumelela. Izimbobo ezinkulu ezindala ze-macular ziye zancipha amathuba okuthola ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.
Izimbobo zokuqala zama-macular zihlolwe yi-optometrist noma i-ophthalmologist. Udokotela wakho wezilanga angasebenzisa i-Amsler Grid ukuhlola umbono wakho ophakathi. Udokotela wakho wezilanga angaphinde ahlaziye amehlo akho futhi athathe izithombe ze-digital retinal. Ubuchwepheshe obusha obubizwa nge- optical coherence tomography bungasetshenziselwa ukukuqapha ngokucophelela ukuqhubekela phambili okungenzeka ku-stage 2 macular hole.
Isiteji sesi-2 noma ngaphezulu kwe-macular imbobo ngokuvamile iphathwa ngokuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngumchwepheshe we-retinal.
Ukuhlinzwa okuningi ukulungiswa kwezimbobo ze-macular kuyisizungeze ukususa i-gel vitreous nokuyibeka ngegesi ekhethekile. Le gas igcina imiphetho ye-macula ndawonye ukuvumela ukuphulukiswa. (Lokhu kusetshenzwa kwegesi ngokuvamile kudinga ukuba ubambe ikhanda lakho endaweni yokuma ubuso noma kuphi kusuka emahoreni ambalwa kuya kwamasonto amabili kuye ngokuthi udokotela ohlinzayo. Ukucwaninga okwamanje kuhlola ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani lesi sinyathelo, njengoba kunzima kakhulu isiguli.)
Izwi elivela
Uma uhlakulela i-macular hole ngeso elilodwa, unezithuba ezingamaphesenti angama-30 okuthuthukisa elinye kwelinye ilanga. Uma unembobo ye-macular kwelinye iso kanti elinye iso linomsebenzi osenhla we-vitreous, ithuba lakho lokuthuthukisa enye imbobo ye-macular iqala ukwehla.
Uma ubona noma yikuphi ushintsho embonweni wakho ophakathi, bheka udokotela wakho wezandla ngokushesha. Ukutholakala kokuqala kanye nokwelashwa kwe-macular kubalulekile ngomphumela omuhle.
Umthombo:
Sowka, Joseph W, Andrew S Gurwood no-Alan G Kabat. I-Handbook of Ocular Disease Management, isithasiselo sokubuyekezwa kwe-Optometry, iphepha 35-36, 15 APR 2010.