Ukusebenza Kanjani nokuthi Yiziphi Izinhlobo Ezikhona
I-insulin esebenza ngokusheshayo yilapho isakhiwo sayo semikhiqizo sishintshiwe ukuze i-insulin isheshe ikwazi ukungenelela egazini. Lolu shintsho ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali e-insulin alithinteki ikhono layo lokunciphisa ushukela wegazi (i-glucose) kodwa lithinta izinga lapho i- insulin ixhunyiwe khona. Ukushukela i-insulin esheshayo ingena egazini ngaphakathi kwamaminithi futhi kunezinzuzo eziningi ezingenzeka kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.
Ubani Okudingekayo Ngokushesha-Ukwenza I-insulini?
Bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kanye nabanye abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 badinga ukuthatha i-insulini ukuze bahlaziye i-glucose ekudleni.
Ngohlobo lwe-1 lwesifo sikashukela, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-pancreas awasenzi i-insulin. Ngohlobo lwe-2 lwesifo sikashukela, ama-pancreas enza i-insulin, kodwa imizimba yabo ayisasabela nayo, ngezinye izikhathi yenza imijovo ye-insulin edingekayo.
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 badinga ukuthatha kokubili basal kanye bolus insulin. I-basal insulin yi-insulin yangemuva evame ukuhlinzekwa yi-pancreas futhi ikhona amahora angu-24 ngosuku, noma ngabe umuntu uyadla noma cha. I-Bolus insulin ibhekisela emanini engeziwe e-insulin ama-pancreas ayengayenza ngokwemvelo ekuphenduleni i-glucose ethathwe ngokudla. Inani le-bolus insulini elikhiqizwa lixhomeke kubukhulu besidlo. Ukushukela i-insulin esheshayo wuhlobo lwe-bolus insulin.
Izinhlobo Zama-Insulini Esheshayo
Kukhona okwamanje ama-insulin amathathu asheshayo noma esheshayo.
Owokuqala ubizwa nge-lispro kodwa uthengiswa ngaphansi kwegama elithi Humalog futhi elenziwe ngu-Eli Lilly. I-Humalog yiyona endala kunazo zonke ezi-insulin ezintathu ezishesha ngokushesha futhi zitholakale kwezohwebo kusukela ngo-1966.
I-insulin yesibili esheshayo esheshayo yamukelwa yi-US Food and Drug Administration ngo-2000.
Le-insulin inegama elijwayelekile le-aspart kodwa lidayiswa ngaphansi kwegama le- NovoLog futhi likhiqizwa nguNovo Nordisk.
Kodwa-ke i-insulin yesithathu esheshayo esheshayo yanezelwa ngonyaka ka-2006. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-insulin glulisine futhi iyaziwa kakhulu ngegama layo elithi Apidra . Ithengiswa nguSanofi-Aventis.
Ngonyaka ka-2015, olunye uhlobo lwe-insulin elisebenza ngokushesha latholakele e-US Kuyinto e-insulin engatholakali ngegama elithi Afrezza.
Yeka Ukusebenza Ngokushesha Kanjani I-Insulini Esebenzayo
Zonke lezi zintathu ze-insulin ezisebenza ngokushesha ziyashesha ukungenelela egazini futhi ziqale ukusebenza phakathi nemizuzu engu-15. I-insulin ngayinye ifinyelela phezulu kwe-potency yayo cishe ihora elilodwa futhi iqhubeka nokuya egazini elingaphansi kwegazi kuze kube amahora amahlanu. Lokhu kutholakala okusheshayo kwe-insulin kuvumela umuntu ukuba ajobe i-insulin esheshayo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba adle "ukumboza" ukwanda kwe-ushukela wegazi okwenzeka lapho kudliwa ukudla. I-potency eyinhloko ehoreni elilodwa ihambisana nesikhathi lapho i-glucose ivame ukubhukuda, ihlukumeza ukwanda kwe-ushukela wegazi.
Ukuqalwa, ukuphakama, nesikhathi sesikhathi ku-Three Fast-Acting insulins
Nansi umehluko ekuqaleni, ukuphakama, nobude phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zama -insulin abamba ngokushesha :
Igama lebhizinisi: I-Novolog (igama elivamile: i-aspart):
- Ukuqalwa: imizuzu engu-5-15
- Isenzo se-Peak: amahora angu-1-3
- Ubude besikhathi: amahora angu-3-5
Igama logama: i-Apidra (igama elivamile: glulisine):
- Ukuqalwa: imizuzu engu-5-15
- Isenzo se-Peak: imizuzu engu-30-imizuzu engu-90
- Ubude besikhathi: amahora angu-3-5
3. Igama lomkhiqizo: I-Humalog (igama elijwayelekile: lispro):
- Ukuqalwa: imizuzu engu-5-15
- Isenzo se-Peak: imizuzu engu-30-imizuzu engu-90
- Ubude besikhathi: amahora angu-3-5
Ukushesha-Ukwenza i-insulini kumaPompo
Ukushukela i-insulin esheshayo isetshenziselwa amaphampu amapulisi ukuhlinzeka ngezinga eliqhubekayo kodwa elincane le-insulin. Lokhu kugeleza okuqhubekayo kwe-insulin kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-basal insulin futhi yi-insulin eqhubekayo edingekayo ukulawula ukuguquka okuvamile kweshukela legazi phakathi kokudla kanye nokulala. Amayunithi angeziwe e-insulin esebenza ngokusheshayo anikezwa ngezikhathi zokudla (okuthiwa i-bolus insulin) ukuze aqede imiphumela yokukhuphuka kweglucose ekudleni okudlayo.
Imithombo:
I-insulini. Association of American Diabetes Association. Umhlahlandlela womthengi 2011. " Isifo Sikashukela Esibikezelwe, January 2011, Vol, 64, No. 1.
Hieronymus, LMSEd., APRN, BC-ADM, CDE, Geil, PMS, RD, CDE "Izinhlobo ze-Insulin." Ukuzilawula Kwesifo Sikashukela, 2009.