Izinhlobo ze-insulin ezisetshenziselwa ukusekela ukwelashwa kwangemuva
Uma kuziwa ekuthatheni i- insulini , kunezinhlobo eziningana zehomoni ezihlukaniswa ijubane abenza ngalo. Lokhu, futhi, kunquma ukuthi ifomu ngalinye lisetshenziswa nini nokuthi kanjani. Noma ubani onesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 , kanti abanye abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 , kudingeka bathathe i-insulini ukuze baqhube ngokuphumelelayo i-glucose ekudleni.
Ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-pancreas asakwazi ukwenza i-hormone.
Nge-type 2 yesifo sikashukela, ama-pancreas akwazi ukwenza i-insulin, kodwa umzimba awusaphenduli kuwo njengoba kufanele futhi uyodinga insulini eyengeziwe ukukhokhela.
Indima ye-Insulin Ede Yesikhashana Namafushane
I-insulini inikezwa ngamafomu okwenza isikhathi eside ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulawulwa okuqhubekayo kwamazinga e-insulin, kanti amafomu okuthatha isikhathi esifushane ahlose ukunciphisa ama-spikes angama-sudden egazini legazi.
- Sibhekisela efomini elinde isikhathi eside njenge- basal insulin (isisekelo sokusho "isizinda") ngoba isebenza ngemuva ukuze kugcinwe ushukela wegazi.
- Amafomu okubambezela okusheshayo abizwa ngokuthi i- bolus insulin (i-bolus isho ukuthi "umthamo owodwa") njengoba kuhloswe ukuthathwa ngokuqondile ngezikhathi zokudla ukuze kugcinwe amazinga kashukela egazini.
Indlela i-Bolus Insulin isebenza ngayo
I-Bolus insulin ibhekisela engxenyeni eyengeziwe ye-insulin ama-pancreas angayikhiqiza ekuphenduleni ushukela (i-glucose) ethathwe ngokudla. Izinga lokukhiqiza lixhomeke kakhulu ngobukhulu kanye nohlobo lokudla oluhilelekile.
Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ama-pancreas akakwazi ukwenza i-insulin njengamaseli e-beta enza i-hormone igxile kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-bolus insulin izosetshenziswa, uma kudingeka, ukukhokhela lokhu kulahlekelwa.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga lokushukela egazini eliqhubekayo liqhubeka njalo, abantu abaningi bavame ukulandela isimiso se-basal-bolus lapho kuthathwa khona izibhamu eziningana zansuku zonke kokubili kokungeniswa kanye nezikhathi zokunakekelwa kwesikhathi sokudla.
I-Bolus insulin inikelwa umjovo, kuyilapho i-basal insulin ingahanjiswa noma nge-injection noma iqhubeka, i- insulin ipompo engu-24.
Izinhlobo ze-Bolus Insulin
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-bolus insulin: okusebenza ngokushesha (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-fast-acting) kanye nama-insulin abambe isikhathi esifushane (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-insulin ejwayelekile). Umehluko omine oyinhloko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ze-insulin yilezi:
- Yeka ukuthi bafinyelela ngokushesha kangakanani egazini
- Lapho beqala ukunciphisa ushukela wegazi (kuqala isenzo)
- Lapho beqala ukusebenza kanzima kunabo (isenzo se-peak)
- Bazohlala isikhathi esingakanani (ubude)
Ukwenziwa okusheshayo kwe-bolus insulin kungaqala ukwehlisa ishukela lakho legazi phakathi kwemizuzu emihlanu kuya kwemizuzu engu-15. Ukusuka kwe-insulin emifushane, ngokuphambene, kunokuqala kwemizuzu engaba ngu-30. Zombili amafomu anesikhathi eside amahora amahlanu.
(Ngonyaka we-2015, ifomu lokukhipha i-insulin elisheshayo, elibizwa ngokuthi i-Afrezza, latholakala e-US Nokho, abathengi, nokunganaki komhlinzeki kwaholela umenzi ukuyeka imizamo yokuthengisa ngemva kokukhishwa komkhiqizo.)
Izinhlobo ze-Quick-Acting Bolus Insulins
Kukhona okwamanje ama-insulin amathathu asebenza ngokushesha okuvunyelwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA):
- I-Novolog (injection ye-insulin aspart)
- Isenzo sokuqala: imizuzu emihlanu kuya kwemi-15
- Isenzo se-Peak: ihora elilodwa ukuya emahoreni amathathu
- Ubude besikhathi: amahora amathathu kuya kwamahlanu
- I-Apidra (i-insulin namglulisine injection)
- Isenzo sokuqala; imizuzu emihlanu kuya kwemizuzu engu-15
- Isenzo se-Peak: imizuzu engu-30 kuya kwangu-90
- Ubude besikhathi: amahora amathathu kuya kwamahlanu
- I-Humalog (injection ye-insulin lispro)
- Isenzo sokuqala; imizuzu emihlanu kuya kwemizuzu engu-15
- Isenzo se-Peak: imizuzu engu-30 kuya kwangu-90
- Ubude besikhathi: amahora amathathu kuya kwamahlanu
Izinhlobo Ze-Short-Acting Bolus Insulin
Kukhona okwamanje ama-insulin amabili abambalwa abanjwe yi-FDA. Bobabili bahlukaniswa ngokuthi "njalo" i-insulin esebenzisa i-connotation (R).
- I-Humulin (R)
- Isenzo sokuqala: imizuzu emihlanu engu-15
- Isenzo se-Peak: amahora amabili kuya kwangu-4
- Ubude besikhathi: amahora amahlanu kuya kwangu-8
- I-Novolin (R)
- Isenzo sokuqala: imizuzu emihlanu engu-15
- Isenzo se-Peak: amahora amabili kuya kwangu-4
- Ubude besikhathi: amahora amahlanu kuya kwangu-8
> Umthombo:
> I-American Diabetes Association. "7. Izindlela zokwelashwa kweGlycemic." Ukunakekelwa yisifo sikashukela . NgoJanuwari 2016; 39 (I-Suppl 1): S52-S59.