Abanye abantu abancinyane kunazo zonke emhlabeni banezinkinga
Isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokuqala siyiqembu lezinkinga lapho ukukhula komuntu kuphuze khona kusukela ekuqaleni kwezinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa, noma esibelethweni. Ngokuqondile, izinsana ezinezinsana ezincane zine-intrauterine ukuphuza ukukhula (IUGR), okuyinto ukwehluleka kwe-fetus ukuthi ikhule ngokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungaqashelwa ngemuva kwamasonto angu-13 ukubeletha futhi kuyaqhubeka kubi nakakhulu njengoba umntwana efinyelela isikhathi esigcwele.
Luhlobo oluthile lwamazinyo obangela abanye abantu abancinyane kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Ngokuvamile abantu abadala abakhuli kunama-intshi angu-33 futhi ngokuvamile banamazwi aphakeme kakhulu ngenxa yokunciphisa ibhokisi lezwi.
Kubantu abane-Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism Uhlobo II (MOPDII), olulodwa lwezinkinga eziyisihlanu zofuzo okwamanje eziqoqelwe ngaphansi kokubambezela okukhulu, ubukhulu bomkhuhlane omdala buphathelene nezingane ezineminyaka engu-3 ubudala. Noma kunjalo, lokhu ngokuvamile akuthinti ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo.
Ukuqala Kwesisindo Esibelethweni Ekuzalweni
Ekuzalweni, usana olunezinsana ezincane kakhulu luyoba luncane kakhulu, ngokuvamile lunesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1.4 ubude futhi lulinganiselwa ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-16 ubude, okulingana nobukhulu bezingane ezingamasonto angu-30 ezijwayelekile. Ngokuvamile, usana luzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi emavikini angama-35 okubeletha. Ingane isakhiwe ngokugcwele futhi ubukhulu bekhanda lilingana nobukhulu bomzimba, kodwa kokubili kukhona amancane.
Ngemuva kokubeletha, ingane izokhula kancane kancane futhi ihlale ingemva kwamanye abantwana eqenjini lakhe. Njengoba ingane iqala, izinguquko ezibonakalayo zomzimba zizoqala ukubonakala:
- Inhloko izokhula kancane kancane kunomzimba wonke (microcephaly).
- Amathoni emilenze nemilenze azoba mfushane kakhulu.
- Amajoyina azobe ekhululekile nge-dislocation ngezikhathi ezithile noma ukungahambisani kahle kwamadolo, izintambo, noma izintambo.
- Izici ezibonakalayo zobuso zingabandakanya ikhala elivelele namehlo nezinyosi ezincane noma ezingekho.
- Izinkinga zempepho ezifana nokuvinjelwa (i-scoliosis) nazo zingahlakulela.
- Izwi eliphakeme, elihlabayo livamile.
Izinhlobo Zokuqala Okumnyama
Okungenani izinkinga eziyisihlanu zofuzo zikhona ngaphansi kwesambulela semvelo enkulu, kufaka phakathi:
- Russell-Silver syndrome
- I-Seckel syndrome
- I-Meier-Gorlin syndrome
- Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (Izinhlobo ze-MOPD I no-III)
- Uhlobo lwe-MOPD II
Njengoba lezi zimo zingavamile, kunzima ukwazi ukuthi zivela kaningi kangakanani. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi bambalwa abantu abangamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye eNyakatho Melika abaye babonwa njengabahlobo lwe-MOPD Type II.
Eminye imindeni inezingane ezingaphezu kweyodwa kanye ne-MOPD Type II, okubonisa ukuthi lesi sifo sizuzwa njengezizukulwane zabazali bobabili kunokuba sodwa (isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i- autosomal pattern excessive ). Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bazo zonke izinhlanga bangathinteka.
Ukuqaphela ukuvelela okubalulekile
Njengoba ukuphazamiseka okunamandla kakhulu kwezinto ezincane kakhulu kungavamile kakhulu, ukuhlukumeza okungajwayelekile kuyinto evamile. Ngokuyinhloko ebusheni, ukuhluleka ukukhula kuvame ukubhekwa kokudla okunomsoco noma ukuphazamiseka kwemithi.
Ukuxilongwa okuqinisekisiwe akuvame ukwenziwa kuze kube yilapho ingane inesimo somzimba esibucayi kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-X-rays azokhombisa ukunciphisa amathambo kanye nokwandiswa kwemikhawulo yamathambo ende.
Okwamanje akakho indlela ephumelelayo yokwandisa izinga lokukhula kwengane enezinsana eziyinhloko. Ngokungafani nezingane ezinama- hypopituitary dwarfism , ukuntuleka kokukhula okujwayelekile akuhlobene nokuntuleka kwe-hormone yokukhula. Ngakho-ke, ukwelapha ama-hormone ukukhula, ngeke kube nomphumela omncane.
Uma sekuxilongwa, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kuzogxila ekwelapheni kwezinkinga njengoba zikhula, njengezinkinga zokudla kwezinsana, izinkinga zombono, i-scoliosis, nokuhlanganiswa okuhlangene.
> Umthombo:
> Anna > Klingseisen no-Andrew P. Jackson. Izindlela kanye nezindlela zokuhluleka ukukhula esikhathini esibucayi. I-Genetic & Development: A Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology. 2011.
> Uhlelo lwezempilo lwe-Nemours olungenzi nzuzo. Okumqoka kokuqala.
> Shaheen, R .; I-Fageih, E .; I-Ansari, uS .; et al. Ukuhlaziywa kwama-genomic kwezinto ezincane kakhulu kubonisa izakhi zofuzo zesifo. " I-Genom Res. 2014; 24 (2): 291-299.