Uma usanda kutshelwa ukuthi unama-prediabetes awukho wedwa. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention izilinganisa ukuthi abantu abangu-84.1 million baseMelika babhekwa ukuthi banezinhlobo zokuqala . Kulabo abane-prediabetes, 90% abazi ukuthi banakho. Nakuba ukuxilongwa kungasabeka futhi kuphazamise, kungase kuguqule impilo yakho ibe ngcono.
Ngiye ngabona iziguli ezine-prediabetes zishintsha ngokuphelele impilo yazo ngendlela enhle-ukuxilongwa kwazo kwabenza bakwazi ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca okuningi, ukunciphisa isisindo, bazizwe kangcono, futhi bavimbele isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2.
I-American Diabetes Association Standards of Care ibika ukuthi ungakwazi ukuvimbela noma ukubambezela uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela ngezinguquko zokuphila . Kwabaningi, ukuvimbela kuncike kakhulu ekulahlekeni kwesisindo. Isilinganiso sokulahlekelwa kwesisindo esidingekayo ukuvimbela noma ukulibaziseka isifo sikashukela sihlukahluka komunye nomuntu. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukulahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-7 wesisindo somzimba wakho kungasiza ekuguquleni isifo sikashukela. Ngomuntu onesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-200, lokhu kungaba ukulahleka kwesisindo esingama-14. Umuntu ngamunye uhlukile, kodwa okubalulekile ukuthi ukuvimbela uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela 2 kungenzeka. Ngezinye izikhathi konke okudingeka ukwenze ukwenza izinguquko ezincane.
Kuyini ama-Prediabetes?
I-prediabetes yigama elisetshenziselwa abantu abanezinkinga zokugaya ukudla (IFG) noma ukubekezelelana kwe-glucose ukukhubazeka (IGT).
I-IGF ne-IGT ihlotshaniswa nokukhuluphala (ikakhulukazi i-belly fat esiswini noma i-visceral obesity). Umzimba wakho usebenzisa i-glucose njengomthombo wayo oyinhloko wamandla. I-insulini-i-hormone ekhiqizwa ama-pancreas-inesibopho sokushukela egazini lakho emasethini akho ukusebenzisa amandla. Kumuntu onama-prediabetes, le ndlela yokusebenzisa ushukela ayisebenzi kahle; ushukela egazini uhlala uphakanyisiwe, kodwa hhayi phezulu ngokwanele ukuba nesifo sikashukela esigcwele.
I-Glucose Yokuzila Ukukhubazeka
Ukugaya i- glucose kuchazwa njengokufunda ushukela wegazi okwenziwa esimweni sokuzila (awudlanga amahora ayisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu). Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kunganikeza lesi silinganiso.
| Okujwayelekile | Ngaphansi kuka-100 mg / dl |
| Ama-prediabetes | 100-126 mg / dl |
| Isifo sikashukela | Kukhulu kuno-126 mg / dl |
Yini Ukubekezela Kweglucose Ukukhubazeka?
Ukungabi nokubekezelelana kwe-glucose ukubekezelelana kungumzimba wokuthi umzimba wakho uphendula kanjani umthwalo weglucose. Isibonelo, isikhathi ngasinye lapho udla ama-carbohydrate, ukudla kuphukile futhi kuguqulwa ube ushukela. I-insulini ifihliwe yi-pancreas ukuthatha ushukela egazini ukuya emaqenjini okuyosebenzisa njengamandla. Uma ushukela wegazi lakho lihlala liphakanyiswe amahora amabili emva kokudla, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuhambisana nomthwalo weglucose. Lokhu kungathathwa yi- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). U-OGTT uvivinyo olwenziwe ngokuhlola igazi ngaphambi nangemva lunikezwe umthwalo we-glucose (isiphuzo sama-carbohydrate angama-75).
| Okujwayelekile | <140 mg / dL |
| Ama-prediabetes | 140-199 mg / dL |
| Isifo sikashukela | Kukhulu kuno-200 mg / dL |
Kuthiwani Nge-HgbA1c?
Umuntu angawela ebangeni le-prediabetes ngokuba neHemoglobin A1c ephezulu (HgbA1c). I-HgbA1c iyinani lezinyanga ezintathu zamashukela egazi .
Lapho i-glucose yokuzila nokuhlolwa kwe-glucose ukubekezelelana kunikeza isifingqo salokho ushukela wegazi okwenzayo ngesikhathi esithile, i-HgbA1c inikeza isilinganiso samahora angu-24 phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu.
Okujwayelekile | <5.7% |
| Ama-prediabetes | 5.7-6.4% |
| Isifo sikashukela | Kukhulu kunaleyo noma kulingana no-6.5% |
Indlela Yokuvimbela Noma Ukunciphisa Uhlobo Lwe-Diabetes
Thola Ukusekelwa: Okokuqala, qala ngokuthola ukwesekwa-ukujoyina uhlelo oluhlose ukulahlekelwa isisindo noma ukuhlangabezana nomfundisi obhaliwe obhalisiwe noma umfundisi wesifo sikashukela oqinisekisiwe. Izinhlelo noma ukwelulekwa komuntu oyedwa okuqondiswa ekulahlekelweni kwesisindo kungakusiza ukuthi ufunde ukuthi ukudla okuthinta ushukela wegazi kuwona, ukulawula ingxenye, nokuthi ungadla kanjani ukudla okunempilo, okunempilo kahle.
Uzophinde ufune ukuhambisa okuningi, uhlose okungenani imizuzu engu-150 ngesonto. Abantu abaphumelele kakhulu yibo abalandela ngokuqhubekayo. Ukweluleka kokulandela kuyashukumisa futhi kusize ukwenza lula ushintsho. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi unomuntu noma uhlelo angakunikeza ngalo.
Ukuqapha I-Carbohydrate Yakho : Ama-carbohydrate ayimthombo oyinhloko yomzimba, kodwa uma udliwe ngokweqile, agcinwa njengamafutha. Futhi uma umzimba wakho ungasebenzisi ushukela ngokuphumelelayo, ukungenisa ngokweqile kwe-carbohydrate kungenza ukuba ushukela wegazi uhlale uphakanyisiwe. Ukuze ulahlekelwe isisindo kanye neshukela egazini egazini, kufanele unciphise ukudla kwama-carbohydrate, ikakhulukazi iziphuzo zoshukela (kufaka phakathi ijusi lesithelo), isinkwa esimhlophe, amakhukhi, amaqebelengwane, ne-ayisikhilimu. Isihluthulelo ukudla ukudla okuguquguqukayo kokudla kwe-carbohydrate , hhayi ukudla okungenamakhemikhalidididrate. Ukuqeda ama-carbohydrate ngokuphelele kungabangela ukukhathala, ukwehluleka kwamavithamini, nokuqothulwa, ukubiza amagama ambalwa. Ngisho nezidlo ezincane ze-carbohydrate ziqukethe imithombo ye-carbohydrate efana nezithelo, i-yogurt, nezinhlamvu eziphelele. Uma ukhetha ama-carbohydrate uzodinga ukukhetha ama- fibre azinkimbinkimbi , aphezulu ayingxenye elawulwayo. Kungcono ukuhlangana nomfundisi obhalisiwe noma oqeqeshiwe we-diabetes oqinisekisiwe ukuba eze necebo elifanele lokudla. Kodwa-ke, amathiphu amanye alula okuguqula ukudla kwakho kwe-carbohydrate ahlanganisa:
- Yidla i-Protein High Breakfast: Ukutadisha kwakamuva kubonise ukuthi ukudla isidlo sasekuseni ocebile amaprotheni kungasiza ekulahlekeni kwesisindo kanye nokulawulwa ushukela egazini. Kwabanye abantu abaqala usuku ngokudla kwasekuseni kwe-carbohydrate kungabangela ukufisa ushukela usuku lonke. Futhi ama-carbohydrate angaphezulu uyadla ukucindezeleka okungaphezu kwalokho obeka phezu kwamaphancasi ukwenza i-insulin. Ngitshela iziguli zami ukuba zigweme: okusanhlamvu okushukela, ama-muffin, ama-bagels, ne-granola njalo ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa ikakhulukazi ekuseni.
- Zisebenzise indlela yokubala: Uhlose ukwenza isigamu sakho imifino engekho-starchy (isaladi, broccoli, isipinashi, ukholifulawa, anyanisi, pepper, isitshalo seqanda, njll). Lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngevolumu, amanzi, i-fibre kanye ne-carbohydrate enganiselwe. Ingxenye yesine yeplate yakho noma mayelana nekomishi elilodwa kufanele linikezelwe isitashi sakho: okusanhlamvu konke okufana ne-quinoa, ibhali, i-bulgar, nezinye i- carbohydrate eziyinkimbinkimbi kubandakanya, amazambane amnandi (ngesikhumba), u-squash, nobhontshisi. Futhi enye ingxenye yesipulangwe sakho noma ngobukhulu bekhadi lamakhadi kufanele libe yiprotheni enomzimba: inyama yenkukhu emhlophe, i-turkey, inhlanzi, inyama yenkomo ephilile.
- Ukuqeda Zonke Iziphuzo Eziphucuziwe Neziphuzo Ezingeziwe : iziphuzo ze-Sugary zingabangela ukushintshashintsha kweshukela legazi nokuzuza kwesisindo. Gwema i-juice, i-soda, itiye e-sweet iced, futhi ufaka ushukela ekhofi lakho. Esikhundleni salokho, uphuze itiye elingenamvubelo, ikhofi, seltzer, namanzi anelamula noma i-lime.
- Snack Ngokucabangela: Ukubamba ama-chips, ama-crackers, nama-cookies kungalimaza ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo futhi kube negalelo ku-triglycerides ephakeme kanye noshukela egazini. Snack ku-ukudla okunamandla okunezakhi ezinomsoco ezincane:
- I-apula encane encane (ubukhulu bebhola le-tennis) ne-1 isipuni se-butter butter
- Izinkomishi ezi-3 zivame ukuphakanyiswa i-popcorn nge-1 isakhi se-fat fat
- Sika imifino enezipuni ezimbili ze-hummus noma i-guacamole
- Amakhekhe angama-ΒΌ ama-almonds, i-cashews, i-pistachios, i-walnuts, njll
- I-yogurt encane ephansi ye-fat yogurt yesiGreki ene 1/2 cup cup
- Cabanga ngemithi yokwelapha: Nakuba indlela yokuphila iguqulwa ngokujwayelekile, i-American Diabetes Association iphakamisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kweMetformin kungabhekwa njengabantu abakhubazekile ukudlala, ukubekezelelana kwe-glucose ukubekezelelana, noma i-HgbA1c ephakanyisiwe. Kulabo abane-BMI ye-35 kg / m2, abaneminyaka engama-60 ubudala noma abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela esandulele, lokhu kungase kube okufanelekile. I-Metformin imithi esiza nge- insulin ukumelana ngokusebenzisa i-insulin umzimba futhi uthumela isignali esibindi ukuze umise ukwandisa ushukela. Kuyinto imithi-neutral imithi futhi asetshenziswa njengendlela line lokuqala ukwelashwa kulabo onesifo sikashukela. Akufanele kuthathwe ngaphandle uma kunqunywe udokotela.
Imithombo:
Association of American Diabetes Association. Amazinga Wokunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha Esifo Sikashukela - 2017. Ukunakekelwa Kweshukela. 2017 Jan; 40 I- Suppl 1: S1-132.
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ama-prediabetes.