Isifo Sasendulo Siqhubeka Sokuqhubeka
Kwakuyi-1873, futhi uDkt. Armauer Hansen waseNorway wayenemicimbi ephawulekayo emhlabeni: ukoma kwabangelwa ibhethri ( Mycobacterium leprae ). Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, lesi sifo sasicatshangelwa ukuthi sitholakala ekuqalekisweni noma ekuziphatheni kwesono, okukhulunywa ngaso njalo eBhayibhelini.
Ukuvama
Uchoko, owaziwa ngokuthi yi-Hansen's Disease , usekhona nanamuhla. Ngokusho kweWorld Health Organisation (WHO), ukusabalala komhlaba wonke ukonakala ekuqaleni kuka-2014 kwakungu-180,000 amacala angapheli kanye namacala angaphezu kuka-215 000 amasha.
Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-15 belaphekile ngoba ukwelashwa kwatholakala ngawo-1980, kodwa uphenyo lusabhekene nokulimaza noma ukukhubaza abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili.
Ukuthutha
Imithi yesimanje isitshela ukuthi ukoma usakazeka uma umuntu ongenasifo ekhulelwe ekhwehlela noma ecula, kodwa hhayi ngokuxhumana ngokocansi noma ukukhulelwa. Noma kunjalo, uchoko aluhambisani neze.
Abantu abanesifo sochoko abaphathwa ngemithi akudingeki bahlukaniswe nomphakathi. Ngenxa yokungaqondi kahle lesi sifo, esikhathini esidlule, abantu abanesifo sochoko bathunyelwa kuma-"colper leper" eziqhingini ezikude noma ezibhedlela ezikhethekile.
Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso
Isibonakaliso sokuqala sochoko kuvame ukubonakala esikhumbeni esingase siphendule kancane, sibe mnyama, noma sikhanyise kunesikhumba esijwayelekile somuntu. Indawo ingase ilahlekelwe umuzwa nezinwele. Kwabanye abantu, isibonakaliso esodwa kuphela siphepha emunwe noma onzwane.
Uma kushiywe kungalashwa, uchoko lungathuthuka ukuze kubangele imiphumela embi emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi:
- Izandla nezinyawo - Amabhaktheriya angelapheki ahlasela izinzwa ezandleni nasezinyaweni futhi zibangele ukuba banzima. Umuntu angathola ukusikeka noma ukushisa ezingxenyeni ezingenalutho futhi angazi, okuholela ekutheni okubangelwa ukulimala okungunaphakade. Iminwe nezinzwani zingase zilahleke ekutheleleni. Izifo ezinzima ezinyaweni zingadinga ukunqunywa. Ukukhubazeka kungabangela iminwe nezinzwane ukuba ziguqulwe unomphela.
- Amehlo - Amabhaktheriya angelapheko ahlasela ama-nervo azungeze amehlo, okwenza ukulahlekelwa ukukhanya kwe-reflex (okuvivinya iso ekulimazeni bese kuphakamisa ubuso). Amehlo abe omile futhi anegciwane, futhi ubumpumputhe bungaba khona. Ngenxa yobungozi beso, lo muntu akakwazi ukuzwa imfucumfucu emanzini noma emanxebeni iso.
- Ubuso - Ukulimala emgodini wangaphakathi wekhaleni kubangela ukuwohloka nokuphela kwempumu.
Ukuxilongwa
Uchoko luyatholakala ngokuthatha isampula lesikhumba (i- biopsy ) nokuyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope, ifuna amabhaktheriya enochoko. Olunye uvivinyo olusetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa yisifo smear. Ukunqunywa okuncane kunesikhumba futhi inani elincane lezicubu zomzimba kuthathwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuba khona kwamabhaktheriya enochoko.
Ukwelapha
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukoma uphephile. Ngo-1981, i-WHO yakhuthaza ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yama-antibiotic amathathu - ngokuvamile i-dapsone, i-rifampin, ne-clofazimine - yokwelashwa, okuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya konyaka noma ngaphezulu. Amacala athile angaphathwa ngama-antibiotiki amabili, kodwa i-rifampin iyisici esiyinhloko se-regimen. Kusukela ngo-1995, i-WHO inikeze lezi zidakamizwa mahhala kuzo zonke iziguli ezinochoko emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngenkathi yokwelashwa, umzimba ungasabela ezincandeni ezifile ngebuhlungu nokuvuvukala esikhumbeni nasezinzimbeni.
Lokhu kuphathwa ngemithi yobuhlungu, i-prednisone noma i-thalidomide (ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile).
Isibikezelo
Ngaphambi kokuba ukwelashwa kutholakale, ukuxilongwa kochoko kwakusho ukuhlupheka nobuhlungu nokuvinjelwa umphakathi. Namuhla, ama-antibiotic nokunakekelwa okuhle kwesikhumba kuzovikela lesi sifo ukuba singabhubhisi umzimba. Mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo, umgomo uzoqeda lesi sifo sasendulo.
Umthombo:
I-World Health Organization. "Unochoko Namuhla." Izinhlelo nezinhlelo, 2015.