Ukubona Izimpawu Kuqinisekisa Ukunakekelwa Kamuva Nokunakekelwa
Esikhathini sokuqala sokutheleleka, abantu abaningi bazokhula kancane noma bangekho izimpawu zokugula. Lokhu, mhlawumbe, esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani amaphesenti angama-20 abantu baseMelika abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza bengatholakali. Abangazi ukuthi banesifo noma bazosebenza kuphela uma izimpawu zangaphandle ziqala ukuvela.
Kodwa-ke, amaphesenti angama-40 amacala, izimpawu ezinjengezikhukhula zizokhula ezinsukwini ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-14 zokuchayeka.
Lesi simo ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi yi- acute retroviral syndrome, noma i- ARS (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-syro-syndrome ephawulekayo noma isifo se-seroconversion).
I-ARS ingavame ukuletha izimpawu ezilandelayo, kusukela ekunciphiseni kuya ezinzima:
- umkhuhlane
- ukukhathala
- ikhanda
- i-pharyngitis (umkhuhlane omncane)
- i-myalgia (i-muscular aches nobuhlungu)
- i-arthralgia (ubuhlungu obuhlangene)
- I-lymphadenopathy (ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph glands)
Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zibonakaliso zizohambisana nokushayeka (okuthiwa yi- HIV ukuqhuma ) okukhombisa ukuqhuma okubomvu okuguqulwa kube amabala amakhulu, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphesenti angu-30 abantu abazobhekana nesisindo esincane esifushane, uhudo noma ukuhlanza.
Iningi lalezi zimpawu ziwumphumela wempendulo yomzimba ku-HIV njengoba isakazeka ngokushesha esakhiweni sokutheleleka kuya emathisini omzimba, okubangela impendulo yokuvuvukala.
I-ARS ingaqhubeka isikhathi eside kuze kube isikhathi esifanayo lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ngculaza siqala ukulawula igciwane futhi sihamba kulokho esikubiza ngokuthi isifo esingapheli (esiphikelelayo) sokutheleleka.
Ngenkathi i-HIV izoqhubeka isichaza ngesikhathi sesandulela ngculaza, ngokuvamile yenza kanjalo kancane kancane kuze kube yilapho umthamo wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ekugcineni uzinzile futhi kutholakala iphuzu lesethi yegciwane.
Ukuqinisekisa i-HIV Infection
I-ARS ingaphuthelwa ngisho nodokotela ngoba izimpawu zivame ukufana noketshezi embukisweni wabo.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i- HIV idluliselwa kanjani ; ukuqaphela izimpawu ezinzima ze-HIV, nokuthola i- HIV uma kufanele usole ukuthi usulelekile.
Njengoba ukuhlolwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kungakwazi ukuletha umphumela omubi noma ongakapheli phakathi nezinyathelo zokuqala zokutheleleka, ukuhlolwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kungasetshenziswa uma izimpawu zibonisa ukuthi i-ARS. Esimweni esinjalo, uma lowo muntu enomphumela omubi noma ongapheli olwa-antibody kodwa umthamo wegciwane eliphakeme (amakhophi angaphezu kuka-100,000 / mL), uzobhekwa njenge-HIV. Ukwelashwa kwakuzoqala ngokushesha, kanti ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kuzokwenziwa ngosuku oluzayo ukuqinisekisa imiphumela.
I- anti-anti-anti-test / antigen esanda kuhlanganiswa nayo ibuye iphumelele kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni i-serostatus ngesikhathi se-ARS, kanye nokuhlolwa okunye okubonisa amazinga aphakeme kakhulu okuchithwa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, i-US Preventive Services Task Force ikhishwe izincomo ezibuyekeziwe ngo-Meyi 2013 zibiza ukuthi bonke abantu baseMelika abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya ku-65 bahlolwe njengengxenye yokuvakashela odokotela njalo. Abanye abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka & 8218 # kubandakanya amadoda abesilisa ocansini abanobulili namadoda (MSM) - kufanele ahlolwe njalo ngonyaka.
Izinzuzo Zokutholwa Okuqala
Ukuqaphela izimpawu ze-ARS kubalulekile njengoba kunika umuntu ithuba lokuthola okokuqala.
Lokhu akusizi nje kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-HIV ayisakazeki kwabanye kodwa inikeza izinzuzo endleleni yokwelapha okuqala.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuqala kokuqala kokwelashwa kwama-antiretroviral kuhambisana nomngcipheko omncinyane wezifo ezimbili ezihlobene ne-HIV kanye ne-AIDS. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukubambezeleka kwelashwa kuze kube yilapho inani le-CD4 yomuntu liwela ngaphansi kwama-350 cells / mL lihlotshaniswa nemicimbi engekho nje kuphela emitholampilo, kepha ukunciphisa okuphawulekayo nokujulile eminyakeni yokuphila .
Ekugcineni, ukwelashwa kwasekuseni kuvimbela ukuchithwa kwamaseli e-CD4 emaphakathi ekuphenduleni komzimba. Kunganciphisa futhi ingozi yokudlulisela igciwane kwabanye ngokunciphisa umthamo wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, isu elibizwa ngokuthi iTraction njengoba Protection (TasP) .
Manje kunconywa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kuqalwe ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa , umkhuba owaziwayo ukunciphisa amathuba okugula nokufa ngamaphesenti angu-57.
Imithombo:
Cohen, M .; Gay, C .; Busch, P .; noHecht, F. "Ukutholakala kokutheleleka okutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza." I-Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010; 202 (Supplement2): S270-S277.
> Heinrich, T. noGandhi, R. "Ukwelashwa Kwangaphambi Kokuqala Nezingculaza: I-Stitch Time?" I-Journal of Infectious Diseases. Julayi 2013; doi: 10.1093 / infdis / jit307.
I-Hogg, R .; I-Althoff, K .; I-Samji, H .; et al. "Ukwandisa esikhathini sokuphila phakathi kwabantu abathintekayo abane-HIV e-United States naseCanada, 2000-2007." I-7th International AIDS Society (IAS) Ingqungquthela yePathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. I-Kuala Lumpur, e-Malaysia. Juni 30-Julayi 3, 2013; Abstract TUPE260.
> I-INSIGHT START Study Group. "Ukuqaliswa Kwethemishana Ye-Antiretroviral In HIV Early Infection." I-New England Journal of Medicine. Julayi 20, 2015; I-DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1506816.
Moyer, V. "Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV: Isitatimende Sokuncoma Sezinsizakusebenza Ze-US Preventive Services." Ngo-Ephreli 30, 2013. Ama-Annal of Medicine Internal. Ngo-Ephreli 30, 2013; i-doi: 10.7326 / 0003-4819-159-1-201307020-00645.