Ingabe ukuguqulwa kwe-Ebola?
Yebo. Umbuzo ngempela: Kunendaba yini?
Ama-virus ashintshana.
Umkhuhlane uguquka. Ama-Mumps ashintsha. I-polio iyashintsha. Ilanga liphuma. Ilanga libeka.
Ama-RNA amagciwane - afana ne-Ebola - aguqule ngokushesha kunamanye amagciwane. Uma ama-virus e-RNA ekopisha ngokwayo, awakwazi ukuhlola kanye nama-virus e-DNA. Kukhona njalo izinguquko eziningi.
Amanye amagciwane ashintsha ngokushesha.
I-influenza -plentiful emhlabeni jikelele - ukuxuba kanye nokufanelana phakathi kwezinkinga. Amanye amagciwane ayashintsha kancane, njengamasimungumane.
I-Ebola iyashintsha
I-Ebola inembile. Ayinalo ulwazi oluningi lofuzo. Kungumqondo owodwa owodwa (nomqondo omubi) we-RNA virus okungama-nucleotide angu-19 000 ubude. Lokhu akusikho okuningi. Abantu banezibhangqa eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Kodwa ama-virus ayencane kakhulu, aqinile ngokupakisha ezinsaweni eziningi. I-Ebola iletha ububi ngokusebenzisa amaprotheni angu-7 kuphela.
Ososayensi babheke emuva ekusakazweni kwegciwane le-Ebola eNtshonalanga Afrika. Babona ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo - ngaphakathi kweziguli naphakathi kweziguli. Igciwane lase liguqule njengoba likopishwa ngokuphindaphindiwe. I-Ebola ingafinyelela phezulu njengamakhophi ayisigidi ngegciwane ngalinye legazi kubantu abaphila - futhi abaphakeme kakhulu kulabo abangenalo. Yandisa lokho ngezinkulungwane zabantu abaye bathola igciwane. Lokhu kukukopisha okuningi - futhi kunamathuba amaningi okuguqula okungalungile kokuguqulwa kokuhlola.
Naphezu kwazo zonke lezi zinguquko, ososayensi bakwazi ukubona ukuthi lezi zinkinga zikhomba emuva isingeniso esisodwa - kucatshangwa ukuthi sisuka ku-bat. I-Ebola yayiguqula kodwa lokho kwakungasho ukuthi kuyoba yingozi kakhulu.
Ukuguqulwa komzimba akudingeki njalo
Izinguquko azisho ukuthi igciwane liyaba nesifo esithathelwanayo noma sinobudlova.
Ukwenza ikhophi yegciwane kufana nokudlala ucezu ku-piyano. Ukuguqulwa kufana nokushaya inothi engalungile uma udlala umculo. Ngokuvamile inothi engalungile yenza ucezu lubi nakakhulu. Kungase kungathinti okuningi. Kungase kubhidlize ucezu ngokuphelele. Kungavamile ukwenza ucezu luvame kakhulu. Kungavamile ukuthi ukuguquguquka kungenza isifo sisakaze kakhulu.
Izinguquko ezitholakalisiwe azitholakalanga ukuthi zibaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba uDkt Gire waseHarvard University esebenze kulezi zindlela zokuveza izakhi zofuzo uye wabonisa, ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ngabe i-Ebola izothuthukisa futhi ibe yindiza ingafana nokukhathazeka ngezinja eziguqula futhi zanda amaphiko. Labo abazivikela ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza babonakala behlala bevikelekile njengoba igciwane liqhubeka lishintsha kancane. Akuzange kube nokukhathazeka ukuthi imishanguzo ethuthukiswa izodinga ukuhambisana negciwane eliguquguqukayo - kanti empeleni izinkinga ezivela ngaphambi, ukuqubuka okuhlobene kubhekwe ukuthuthukiswa komgomo.
UDkt. Anthony Fauci, iNational Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases Director, uthe: "Akumangalisi nhlobo ukuthi igciwane liyashintsha". Uyanezela, bekulokhu kungakhathazeki kancane ngokuthi igciwane liyashintsha ngokwezinto eziphilayo.
I-Ebola cishe yayikhona lapho singakazi.
Ngaphambi kokuba sazi ukuthi i-Ebola yayiseNtshonalanga Afrika, cishe bekukhona.
Ososayensi babheka emuva egazini elondolozwe ezigulini ezaze esibhedlela ezazicatshangwa ukuthi - kodwa zivivinywa kabi - i-Lassa fever. Lesi sifo siwumkhuhlane we-viral hemorrhagic etholakala eNtshonalanga Afrika lapho i-Ebola isakazeka khona. I-Lassa ingafana ne-Ebola kodwa iningi lifa ngenxa yecala layo (cishe ngo-10%) - kodwa kunamacala amaningi aseLassa, ngokuvamile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokuvamile abantu abaningi bafa kusuka eLassa (5000) ngonyaka eNtshonalanga Afrika kunokuba ku-Ebola, okuye kwabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-11 000 kusukela ngo-2013, kodwa kuze kube ngu-2013 kuye kwabangela amacala angaziwa cishe eNtshonalanga Afrika. Iziguli eziningi zicatshangwa ukuthi zineLassa ezivivinywe kabi ngeLassa Fever zafa (36%).
Kuyini okuthakazelisayo ukuthi kusukela ngo-2011-4, phakathi kwalabo bacatshangwa ukuthi baneLassa kodwa i-Lassa engalungile, iziguli ezingu-22% zivivinyelwe ukuthi zinezifo ezithintekayo ze-Ebola. (Kodwa-ke, okuwukuphela kokungu-1 kwabonakala kubonakala sengathi kunegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, okuzobe sekubonise ukutheleleka kwamanje). Ezinye zalezi ziguli kungenzeka zigula nge-Ebola; abanye kungenzeka ukuthi babe nezifo zangaphambi kokuqala.
I-Ebola isuke isuke isuka esilwaneni kuya kubantu izikhathi eziningi eminyakeni eminingi eNtshonalanga Afrika.
Uma kwakukhona u-Ebola endaweni yangaphambili, kungenzeka ukuthi lezi zimo ze-Ebola ezedlule zavela ezilwaneni.
Siyazi e-Cote d'Ivoire esiseduze, kuye kwaba nesimo esisodwa se-Ebola, sohlobo oluhlukile (i-Taï Forest ebolavirus), oluvela ezikhumpheni, elafa ne-Ebola. Lezi zinselo zomzimba zibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi abantu banesandulela ngculazi ngaphambili.
Kungani isakazeka manje?
Ukuze lesi sifo sisakaze, kuzomele kube ukuxuba okulungile - futhi mhlawumbe inhlanhla engalungile. Akusho ukuthi ukutheleleka kuye kwashintsha ukuba kube nomthelela omkhulu. Izinto eziningi zingathinta uma isifo sisakazeka. Isimo sezulu esomile nesilwane (isib. Bat) ukufuduka kungathinta ukuthi abantu bahlangana yini nezilwane ezithwala i-Ebola. Ukuthuthukiswa komgwaqo kungasiza - kokubili ukusakazeka isifo ngokushesha futhi kubanzi futhi kuvumela ukusabela lesi sifo. Labo abathuthukisa isifo ngesibindi bangase bahambe phambili; labo abagulayo bangase bafune ukunakekelwa noma babuyele ukubona umndeni onemigwaqo engcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amacala amaningi angaqale abuyele emngcwabeni omkhulu wendoda yendabuko eyaziwa kakhulu oshone ngemuva kokuzama ukuphulukisa iziguli, okwaholela ekusakazeni okusheshayo kwesifo kwezinye izindawo. Kunezici eziningi eziye zaholela e-Ebola ekusakazeni eNtshonalanga Afrika.