I-India yabona ukuqubuka kwe-Japanese Encephalitis (JE) ehlobo lika-2014 ngokufa okuningi. Ngo-2015, igciwane libuyile. Nakuba kunomuthi wokugoma, ukufa kwaye kwanda kusuka ku-41 ngo-2010 kuya ku-160 ngo-2014, ngokunyuka kwama-5 kwinani lebika elibikiwe e-Assam enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-India. Kwakukhona nokufa okungenani abangu-60 eN West Bengal.
Izinguquko zesimo sezulu - ngokushisa okushisa nokushintsha kwemvula - kungenzeka ukuthi kwandiswe ukuhanjiswa kweJ. Lokhu kuyingxenye ngoba amazinga okushisa afudumele avumela ukuba ilayisi elengeziwe litshalwe, futhi kunamanzi amaningi okumila elayisi, okuholela emanzini amaningi. Lesi sifo siphinde senzeke emuva konyaka manje, njengoba izinyosi zeCulex zihlala isikhathi eside, hhayi nje kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi, kodwa manje kuze kuNovemba.
Izifo Ezifana Nani?
Iningi labantu abanesandulela ngculazi abagula. I-1% kuphela enezibonakaliso. Labo abakha izimpawu bavame ukuhlakulela ezinsukwini ezingu-5-15 emva kokulunywa umiyane. Izimpawu zokuqala zifaka umkhuhlane, ikhanda, ukuhlanza.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezalandela, ezinye zizoveza isifo esibi kakhulu, cishe ngo-1 ngo-250. Lokhu kungafaka ubuthakathaka, ngisho nokukhubazeka, ezinye izimpawu ze-neurologic noma zokunyakaza. Lezi zimpawu zifana noParkinson ngobuso obuswakamaqhwa, ukuthuthumela, nokunyakaza okunyanyiswayo (ikakhulukazi ukunyuka kwama-cogwheel nokunyakaza kwama-choreoathetotic).
Kungase kube nokukhubazeka - okuyinto enamandla futhi ecacile ngakho-ke kufana ne-polio. Ukuzizwa kungase kwenzeke.
Kwenzakalani?
Phakathi kwalabo abahlakulela i-encephalitis, ama-20-30% ayafa. Kulabo abasinda, 30-50% baqhubeka benesifo sengqondo / neurologic noma sengqondo.
Kwenzeka kanjani?
Igciwane liyasakazwa yizinyosi, ikakhulukazi eCulex tritaeniorhynchus noCulex vishnui (ikakhulukazi eNdiya naseSri Lanka naseThailand).
Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu e-Southeast Asia naseMpumalanga Asia. Lesi sifo senziwa emazweni angu-24 e-Asia nasesifundazweni saseWestern Pacific lapho abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu bahlala khona. Lesi sifo asikho ezindaweni eziningi zasemadolobheni, ikakhulukazi emazweni afana neJapane lapho alawulwa khona, kanye neKorea lapho kuye kwaba khona ukugoma okukhulu.
Ezindaweni eziningi, ukudluliselwa kuyisikhathi - ihlobo nokuwa.
Igciwane ligcinwa phakathi kwamangqamu kanye nezingulube, kanye nezinye izinyoni. Abantu "abaphelile ekugcineni" kusho ukuthi abakwazi ukudlulisela igciwane lesifo (njengoba amazinga wegciwane ahlala ephansi kakhulu egazini lethu ngenxa yomiyane ukuze adlulisele kunoma ubani omunye). Amahhashi nangezinye izikhathi izinkomo nazo zihlakulela izifo ezifayo ezingapheli ezingase zibulale, kodwa futhi azidluliseli ukutheleleka. Kukhona ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ngokuba nokulima kwezimvu eduze kwabantu ukuthi sengozini yokusakaza i-JE kubantu.
Utholakala kanjani?
Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kanye nomlando bese kuqinisekiswa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri. Igazi noma i-cerebrospinal fluid ingahlolelwa ama-antibodies okuqala (IgM) avela ezinsukwini ezingu-3-8 emva kokugula ukuqala futhi uqhubeke kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingu-1-3 noma ngaphezulu ngemva kokugula kwesifo).
I-cerebrospinal fluid izobonisa futhi ukuphakama okulinganiselwe kwamaseli amhlophe egazi (nge-lymphocytes), i-glucose evamile, kanye neprotheyini ephakeme kancane.
Igazi lizobonisa ukuphakama okulinganiselwe kwamaseli amhlophe egazi, ukuwa phansi kwamaseli abomvu ne-sodium. I-MRI ingabonisa izinguquko ku-thalamus kanye nakanjani i-basal ganglia, i-middlebrain, i-pons, ne-medulla.
Ingabe Kunomuthi Wokugoma?
Kukhona umgomo. Ukugonywa kwe-US imithi yokugoma i-dose engu-2 imisiwe izinsuku ezingama-28 ngaphandle kwesilinganiso sokugcina seviki 1 noma ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuhamba. Kunconywa kuphela kulabo abazohamba ngaphandle kwezindawo zasemadolobheni okungenani inyanga eyodwa ngesikhathi se-JE yokudlulisela. Ilayisensi yalezo zinyanga ezimbili ezindala nangaphezulu. I-dose booster inganikwa unyaka owodwa kamuva uma kukhona ukuchayeka okuqhubekayo kulabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-17, kodwa akucaci ukuthi kudingeke yini ukuvuselela.
Kukhona eminye imithi ephinde isetshenziselwe ezindaweni ezimbi.
Ingabe Kukhona Ukwelashwa?
Ayikho ukwelashwa okuqondile. Isibhedlela sokunakekelwa okusekelwayo (ama-fluids, imishanguzo yobuhlungu) kuvame ukudingeka.
Indlela Yokugwema Ukutheleleka:
- Gwema izindawo ezidluliselwayo
- Sebenzisa i-repellant yezinambuzane ezifaka i-DEET
- Gqoka imikhono emide namabhulukwe
- Gonyelwa uma kufanelekile
- Gwema ukuphuma ngaphandle ngezikhathi lapho kunezinyosi eziningi
- Ukulala ngaphansi kombhede, sebenzisa umoya uma kungenzeka futhi vala amafasitela nezikrini