Ukuzwa udokotela wakho uncoma ukuthi i-phlebotomy yokwelashwa (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-bloodletting noma i-venesection) ingase ikuxwayise. Ungase uzibuze, "Ingabe odokotela benza lokho okwamanje? Ngacabanga ukuthi kwakubhekwa njengamanga." Uzobe ulungile kancane. Ngisho nanamuhla kunezikhathi ezifanele zokusebenzisa i-phlebotomy njengokwelashwa, ake sibukeze nokuthi yini ebonakalayo empilweni yangempela.
Indima ye-Phlebotomy
Phakathi neminyaka i-phlebotomy ayitholanga umusa kwezimo eziningi zezokwelapha njengoba ishintshiwe ngezokwelapha ezigxile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-phlebotomy isenendima ebalulekile ekwelapheni izimo ezintathu: i- polycythemia vera (i-PV), i-hemochromatosis yefa ( inqwaba yensimbi), ne- porphyria cutenea tarda (PCT).
I-Polycythemia vera yisimo lapho ukuguqulwa kofuzo kudala khona umnyofu ukwenza amangqamuzana amaningi obomvu egazi (i- erythrocytosis noma i-polycythemia), amaplatelet (thrombocytosis), namaseli amhlophe egazi (leukocytosis). Lokhu kwanda kwamangqamuzana egazi, ikakhulukazi amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, kuqinisa igazi eliphuza ukugeleza kwegazi. Ukususwa kwegazi nge-phlebotomy yokwelapha kungathuthukisa izimpawu futhi kuncishise ingozi yokwakha ama-clots.
I-herochromatosis ye-Hereditary iyimvelo ezuzwe njengefa eyabangela ukwanda kwe-iron kusuka ekudleni okubangelwa ukugqwala kwensimbi.
Insimbi eyengeziwe inobangela ukulimala kakhulu kwesibindi, inhliziyo, nama-pancreas. Ukususwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kuvuselela umnkantsha wamathambo ukwenza amasha amangqamuzana egazi abomvu asebenzisa insimbi egcinwe emzimbeni.
I-PCT yisimo esibangelwa ukungabi khona kwe-enzyme (amakhemikhali) adingekayo ukwenza i-heme (isakhi ngamaseli abomvu aphethe insimbi).
Lokhu kubangela ukuthi umakhi we-porphyrines ungaphezulu ngokweqile okuphumela ekuphungeni isikhumba uma kuvezwe ekukhanyeni. Ngenxa yokuthi i-disorder-related related disorder, ukususwa kwamaseli abomvu abomvu okune-iron nge-phlebotomy yindlela yokwelapha.
Ukulindela Okuvela Phlebotomy
I-Phlebotomy yinkambiso elula. Kungenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela, esibhedlela, noma esikhungweni somnikelo wegazi. Kufana kakhulu nokunikela ngegazi .
Inaliti ifakwa esitokisini esikhulu segazi, ngokuvamile esihlalweni se-elbow, ukususa igazi. Igazi lingase liqoqwe esikhwameni noma ezinsikeni. Ngokujwayelekile, kubantu abadala, i-pint yegazi (450 - 500 mL) isusiwe ngesikhathi. Imvamisa ye-phlebotomy izohluka ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho sezokwelapha kanye namanani we-laboratory.
Ku-PV, i-phlebotomy yenziwa kanye noma kabili ngesonto kuze kube yilapho i-hematocrit (ukulinganisa kwamangqamuzana egazi obomvu) iseduze. Khona-ke i-phlebotomy yenziwa njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ukugcina i-hematocrit eseduze. E-hemochromatosis yefa, ama-phlebotomies angase abe masonto onke kuze kube yi-ferritin (ukulinganisa kwezitolo zensimbi) evamile. Ukuvimbela amazinga ensimbi ekwakheni kabusha, i-phlebotomy izokwenziwa njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezine. Ku-PCT, i-phlebotomy yenziwa njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwezinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine futhi ishiyiwe.
Ungase ukwazi ukuthola i-phlebotomy yokwelashwa esikhungweni sakho sokunikela ngegazi. Isikhungo sizodinga umyalelo odokotela ukuqedela ukwelashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1999, i-Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) yavuma ukuthi igazi elinikezwa abantu abane-hemochromatosis eyinzalo lingase lisetshenziselwe ukumpontshelwa igazi uma nje behlangana neminye imigomo yegazi (isisindo, iminyaka, ukungabi khona kohambo ukuya ezindaweni ezibeka ingozi , njll).
Imiphumela emibi ye-Phlebotomy
Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ye-phlebotomy ihlobene nokuguqulwa kwevolumu yegazi. Ungase uzwe isizungu noma umfutho wegazi ophansi kamuva kodwa abanye ukubekezelela ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Yingakho emva kokunikela ngegazi umchwepheshe ocela ukuthi uhlale kancane kancane ngaphambi kokuma. Kufanele uphuze amanzi amaningi ngemva kwalokho. Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka noma zingenakubekezelelwa, ngemuva kokuthi igazi lisuswe, i-saline fluid inganikezwa nge-IV ukushintsha umthamo ususiwe.
I-Phlebotomy yezinye izimo
I-Phlebotomy iphinde isebenze kwezinye izimo ezimbalwa. Abantu abathola igazi elibomvu eliningi lokugonywa kwegazi njengezifo zomdlavuza, i-sickle cell anemia, kanye ne-thalassemia basengcupheni yokuthuthukisa ukuxhuma kwensimbi (etholakala kunokuba izuzwe njengezikhulunywe ngenhla). Lapho laba bantu beqedela ukwelashwa (akusadingeki ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali, ukuphulukiswa ngomuthi wokufakelwa komnkantsha), i-phlebotomy iyithuluzi eliphumelelayo kakhulu lokususa insimbi eyengeziwe. Kulezi zibonelo, i-phlebotomy ngeke ibe yilapho iphila kuze kube yilapho inani elifanele lensimbi lisuswe.
I-Phlebotomy ingasetshenziswa futhi kubantu abane-antenia ye-sickle cell abadinga ukumpontshelwa igazi njalo ukuze bavimbele imivimbo. Kulokhu, i-phlebotomy ifakwe ngegazi elibomvu lokumpontshelwa kwegazi futhi libizwa ngokuthi i-transfusion exchange partial. Ukumpontshelwa kwegazi okubomvu kusetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni segazi kususwe isisombululo saline njengoba kuxoxwe ngenhla. Lokhu kungaba yithuluzi eliphumelelayo ekunciphiseni umakhi wensimbi kulaba bantu.