I-Leishmaniasis encane iyisifo sesikhumba esishiya uphawu emzimbeni. Kuye kwabonakala kwabanye ababaleki abaye bashiya iSiriya. Lokhu akumangalisi. Kuyinto isifo esitholakala emhlabeni jikelele futhi ngokukhethekile sitholakale isikhathi eside eSiriya.
Yenza izilonda zesikhumba, kodwa, i-Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ayiyona embi njengoba ingase izwakale.
I-Leishmaniasis ivame ukubhekwa njengesifo esiyingozi.
Ngezinye izikhathi, kunjalo. Kodwa ngokuvamile akuyona ifomu le-Cutaneous. I-Leishmaniasis encane ayiyona i-Visceral Leishmaniasis. I-Leishmaniasis encane ayibulali. I-Visceral iyakwenza. Ngoba bobabili babizwa ngokuthi iLeishmaniasis, bavame ukudideka.
Izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene ze-Leishmaniasis zibangelwa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene (eziphakathi kwezingu-21 ezithinta abantu). Futhi-ke, ngokuvamile kuvame ukwesaba okungafanelekile nge-Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL noma ngezinye izikhathi i-Cutaneous Leish okwesikhashana). Amacala amaningi aseLeish eSiriya ahlukaniswe. (Ngaphandle kwe-VL no-CL, kune-mucocutaneous, etholakala kakhulu eBrazil, ePeru naseBolivia. Kungenzeka kube namacala aphindaphindiwe ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga Ephakathi.)
Iyini i-Cutaneous Leishmaniasis?
I-Leish encane ichazwa ngokuthi isifo sofuba "sokuziphilisa futhi ngokuvamile sishiya ukucindezeleka okucindezelekile". Okusho ukuthi, i-Leish encane ibangela ukubola / ukucindezeleka kwesikhumba okungavamile okuvame ukuhamba ngaphandle kokwelapha.
Akuvamile ukubuhlungu. Kungaba buhlungu, uma ngabe kutholakala kakhulu ngama-bacterium noma ngabe ngaphezulu. Akwenzi okungaphezu kwalokho.
Usakazeka kanjani?
I-Sandfly ilume. Izinhlobo ezithile zeSandflies ziyadingeka ukuze zisakaze izidumbu ezibangelwa i-Leish. Ngesinye isikhathi i-parasite isuka esilwaneni iya esihlabathini kuya kumuntu.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ixhuma umuntu ku-sandfly kumuntu.
Ama-parasites amabili ama-Leish asakaza i-CL angasakazeka ngezindlela ezahlukene nge-sandflies ehlukene. Ngokuqondile, i-parasite Leshmania enkulu isakazwa ngu-sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi kusuka esilwaneni kuya kubantu. I- Leishmania yama-parasite . i-tropica idluliselwa ngu-sandfly P. sergenti kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile esuka eSiriya eya e-US, angeke asakaze ukutheleleka ngoba ama-sandflies ayengeke abe khona.
Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, kungasakazeka ngokumpontshelwa igazi.
Ngakho yimuphi inkinga?
(a) Akekho othanda isibazi
(b) Akekho othanda imibono yokutheleleka okufayo okusakazwayo. (Ngenhlanhla, kuphethwe kuphela nge-sandfly bite)
(c) Amazinga aphakeme aseLeish angabhekisela ezindabeni zokuhlanzwa kwezingcoliso kanye nokuthuthwa kwemfucuza, ukungabi nokuqhuma okuqhubekayo kwezimpukane (noma izinyosi), nokukhuphuka okukhulu okuvumela izimpande zehlabathi ukuba zikhiqize futhi zisakaze iLeish phakathi kwabantu noma phakathi kwabantu nezilwane ezincelisayo (njengezimvuthwane) .
Kwakunjani isimo eSiriya?
I-Leish encane, eyabangelwa i-tropica, yayinomlando ikakhulukazi e-Aleppo - kanti enye i-L enkulu. I-Syria ibone amacala angu-30 000 ngonyaka ngaphambi kwempi futhi ilokhu ikhuphuka empini (futhi kahle ngaphambili, empeleni).
Ngakho akumangalisi ukuthi abanye abantu babeLeish.
I-Iraq kakade yayineLeish - L enkulu (futhi ngaphezulu i-Visceral). I-Lebanoni, ngokuyinhloko, ibhekene nokusebenzisana nalokhu kungeniswa ngokungazelelwe kweLeish ngemva kokukhululeka iminyaka eyishumi. Ngeshwa babe ne-sandfly ehambisanayo. (IGrisi nayo inomlando wokuba ne-Leish njengoba u-Aleppo ayenayo - ngaphambi kokunye kwalokhu).
Kuphathwa kanjani?
I-Leish encane ijwayele ukuphathwa ngemithi eminingi eqondile.
Ukunakekelwa kweziguli ze-CL - ngisho nase-US - kungasho ukumane nje wenze okusemandleni akho futhi ubukele nje ukuphulukisa lesi sifo ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
Izinqubo ezithile zeLeish azizona ezilula. Izingozi zingadlula izinzuzo, ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa okuhlelekile futhi kungenwa yi-lesion. Izilonda eziningi zingase zihlanganiswe ne gauze ezingasiza ekugwemeni ukungcoliswa kwamagciwane. Kodwa-ke, izilonda eziningi ziphathwa ngemishanguzo yemithi eqondile ngqo ezilonda. ( Cacisa y, i- meglumine antimoniate yokwelashwa kwangaphakathi ). Lezi zijovo zingadinga ukuthi zenziwe masonto onke kuze kutholakale icala. Lokhu kwenziwa ikakhulukazi izilonda ebusweni, njengezikhukhuni ikakhulukazi.
Ingabe kukhona ukumelana namacala noma isikhathi eside?
Kubuye kube nokukhathazeka kokunyuka okuqhubekayo. I-tropica, i-species evela e-Aleppo, yaziwa nangokuthi kungenzeka ibe yindlala kunezinye izinhlobo zezilwane futhi kukhona imibiko yamacala amaningi aphikisana nokwelashwa.
Ingabe kukhona i-Visceral Leishmaniasis?
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezimo ezithile ezibikwa nge-Visceral Leishmaniasis. Lokhu kwakungavamile. Amacala angu-17 eSiriya ngo-2008. I-Iraq iye yaba nokuningi okuningi. Phakathi kwababaleki baseSiriya, 2 kwaze kwaba ngu-1000 kwakuyi-Visceral. Kunzima ukuhlolisisa, kodwa uma lokhu kutholakala, lokhu kungaba inkinga ehlukile.
Ziziphi izinyathelo zokugwema amaSandflies?
Ukumisa ukusabalalisa kwe-Leish, ama-Sandflies kufanele ayeke ukushaya abantu abanegciwane nalabo abazungezile.
Indlela yokwenza:
- I-Sandfly Vector Control (mhlawumbe itshafaza)
- Ukususwa kwenkunkuma - kumisa i-Sandfly emhlabathini wokuzalanisa namagundane (okusabalalisa ama-L amakhulu)
- Ama-Net Nets (akubona bonke abavumelana ngalokhu; WHO ngokuthanda)
- Gwema Ukweqa Okuphezulu (njengoba izihlabathi ze-sandflies zingagxuma ekudleni kwegazi ukuya ekudleni kwegazi)
- Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kunganciphisa amacala njengoba amaLeish atholakale eSiriya adlulisela ikakhulukazi abantu ku-sandfly kubantu (anthroponotic). Amacala amade ahlala emphakathini ekulunywa, i-Leish ende izosakaza.