Ukusabela okubi kokudla kuye kwaba okujwayelekile futhi cishe "okuvamile" emphakathini wethu. Abantu bakhuluma " ngemithi yabo yokudla " ngokusobala njengoba bexoxa ngesimo sezulu nezenzakalo zamanje. Eqinisweni, nabaningi abahlonishwayo bekhuluma ngokudla kwabo kokudla kanye nokungabekezelelani , kubonakala futhi befake imfashini ukuba babe nesimo esithile sokungalungi kokudla.
Kodwa kuthiwani ngesayensi ngemuva kwalokhu kuthinta?
Kuyini ukungezwani komzimba nokuthi yini engekho? Sivame ukutshela iziguli ukuthi isibonakaliso esibangelwa ukudla ukudla okuthile akuyona ngempela ukudla okubangelwa yizifo. Uma i-allererist ibhekisela kokungezwani komzimba, lokhu kusho ukuthi kunenqubo ye-IgE-mediated eyenza ukukhululwa kwamakhemikhali ahlasele okuholela ezimpawu ezihambisana nokudla okubangelwa ukudla. Kukhona nokuphindaphindiwe kokudla okungekho okwehliswayo, kodwa kunalokho ukungahambisani nokudla. Ezinye zalezi zingabekezelelani zingabangelwa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, kanti ezinye azikho.
I-IgE Yokudla Kwemithi Yokudla
Kunezimpendulo eziningana zokudla okungabhekwa njengokudla okuyiqiniso kokudla, okusho ukuthi i-IgE ihilelekile ekwenzeni ukusabela. Izimpawu zalolu hlobo olubi kunazo zonke zokudla okunomsoco ngokuvamile zihlanganisa uhlobo oluthile lwesikhumba somzimba (i-urticaria ne-angioedema, itching noma i-flushing) futhi ingafaka ezinye izimpawu ezifana nezisisu (isicashu, ukuhlanza, ukuchoboza kwesisu, isifo sohudo), ukuphefumula (ukukhwehlela, ukuphuza ukuphefumula), isifo senhliziyo (isizungu, umfutho wegazi ophansi), indlebe-umlomo (ukukhipha, ukukhipha umlomo, iphunga elimnandi nelanga) nezinye izimpawu (umuzwa wokulimala okuzayo).
Kukhona nemithi eminingi ye-IgE-mediated yokudla eyenza izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuwohloka kwe- dermatitis ye- atopic , isifo somlomo esiswini, kanye ne- eosinophilic esophagitis / eosinophilic izifo zamathunjini (nakuba kunezinhlobo zokudla okungezona-IgE ezibangelwa yizimo kanye).
Izifo zokwelapha ze-IgE-mediated zivame ukutholakala kalula ngokusetshenziswa kokuvivinya isikhumba kanye / noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi .
Ukungaxolisi kokudla kwe-Immunologic
Kunezimpendulo ezimbalwa ezokudla ezingekho ngenxa ye-IgE kodwa namanje zibangelwa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Lezi zindlela ezithinta izinkinga zithinta insimu yamathumbu ingxenye enkulu.
Isifo se-Celiac , noma i-gluten-sensitive sensopathy, ibangelwa i-antibody eyenziwa yisimiso sokuzivikela emzimbeni ngokumelene nengxenyana yamathumbu amancane ngenxa yokudla kwe-gluten . I-gluten itholakala ezinhlameni eziningi zokusanhlamvu ezifana nokolweni, rye, nebhali. Izimpawu zesifo se-celiac zifaka ukubhula, ukuchoboza, ukuhuda, ukulahlekelwa isisindo kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezakhi zomzimba (okuholela kwezinye izinkinga ezifana ne-anemia) - kodwa ukuqashwa kungase kwenzeke. Abanye abantu abanesifo se-celiac bangabhekana nokushona kwesikhumba kungaba i-dermatitis herpetiformis, ekhonjiswa ngamabhaltri ahlukumezeka kakhulu futhi avame ukuvela ezinhlangothini nasemadolweni kanye nangemuva nangemuva kwe-scalp. Ukuxilongwa kwesifo se-celiac kwenziwa kahle nge-biopsy yesikhumba semathunjini amancane kodwa kungenziwa futhi nge- blood test for antibodies (izicubu transglutaminase kanye endomysial). Abanye abantu bazobona izimpawu zesifo se-celiac kodwa ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile - lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukungezwani kwe-gluten".
Olunye uhlobo lokungabekelelani kokudla kwe-immune-mediated ama- FPIES (amaprotheni okudla enza i-enterocolitis syndrome). Kulesi simo, okuyinto evame ukuthinta izingane ezincane kepha zingathinta izingane zakudala nabantu abadala, izimpawu zingabandakanya ukuhlanza okukhulu kwe-projectile, isifo sohudo esibi kakhulu, nokuqeda amandla. Izingane zingavele zivele "septic" futhi zivame ukungeniswa esibhedlela ngenxa yokutheleleka okukhulu. Azikho iziqhumane zesikhumba noma izimpawu zokuphefumula ngalesi simo. Ama-FPI kunzima ukuxilonga ngoba ukuhlolwa kokungaboni kahle kwemvelo akubonisi izimpawu zokudla okubangelwa ukudla. Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukwenziwa ukusola komtholampilo, nakuba izikhungo zezokwelapha ezikhethekile zingenza izinselelo zokudla ngomlomo esibhedlela futhi zilandele izicucu zegazi elimhlophe ukuze zize zihlolwe.
Ukuhluka okuncane kwama-FPI kungukudla kwamaprotheni okufakwe ku-proctitis, okuvame ukubonwa ezinsaneni eziqalisiwe ngobisi noma ama-formula asekelwe futhi zibe negazi ezitheni zabo ngenxa yalokho. Le nguqulo imnene futhi ingane kaningi ayinayo ezinye izimpawu; lesi simo sixazulula lapho ingane ishintshela kumafomu ama-hypoallergenic baby .
Ukungathembeki okungenasiphambano
Ukuphendulela ekudleni okungabangelwa ukungezwani komzimba noma ukunye ukuphendula kwamagciwane kunzima ukuyihlola, kunzima ukuchaza, futhi mhlawumbe lokho abantu abaningi abakutholayo uma bechaza ukubekezelelana kokudla.
Okuvamile kakhulu kulezi zindlela ukungaboni ngaso linye kwe-lactose , okuyinto ebonakala ngokubhuqa, ukuphazamisa kanye nokuhuda ngaphakathi kwamahora wokudla ukudla okunama-lactose (imikhiqizo yobisi). Lesi simo sibangelwa ukungabi khona kwe-lactase, i-enzyme ephula i-lactose, eholele emanzini angena emathunjini amancane emzimbeni ngenxa yomlotha omkhulu we-lactose okhona emathunjini. Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sofuzo ngeke kubonise izibonakaliso zobisi ezibangelwa ubisi. Nakuba ukuhlolwa kokubekezela kwe-lactose kutholakala, ukuxilongwa kwe-lactose ukungabekezelelani kuvame ukwenziwa emtholampilo.
Kunezinye izinto eziningi zokudla ezingabangela ukungahambisani kokudla okungekho-IgE, okungekho omzimba. Futhi, iningi lalezi zimo kubangela uhlobo oluthile lokunciphisa kwamathumbu. Ngokuvamile akukho ukuhlolwa okutholakala kulezi zinhlobo zokuphendula.
> Umthombo:
> I-American Academy Yokuguqulwa Komzimba, I-Asthma kanye Ne-Immunology, kanye Nezidingo Zokudla Zomzimba Wokudla Kwezandla Zokudla. Ann Ukuzivocavoca Isifo Somoya Immunol. 2006; 96: S1-68.