Ama-scabi yisimo esibangelwa yiSarcoptes scabiei, isilwane. Kubonakala ngukuzwa okuthakazelisayo okungenzeka noma kungahambisani nokuhlaselwa. Ama-scabi ayithinta abesilisa nabesifazane ngokulinganayo, abonakala kubantu bazo zonke ubudala, futhi asakazeka kubantu ngabanye bazo zonke izinhlanga nasezindaweni zomhlaba wonke. Eqinisweni, kulinganiselwa ukuthi okungenani izigidi ezingu-300 zamakhanubi zenzeka emhlabeni wonke unyaka ngamunye.
Ama-scabi angaphathwa futhi angabhekene neze nezinkinga zempilo ezilimazayo, nakuba ukutheleleka kwesikhumba noma ukonakala kungenziwa ngenxa yokukhipha ngokweqile futhi okubangelwa ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya.
Izimpawu
Ukuhola uhlu lwezimpawu zesimanga kanye nezibonakaliso kuyinkimbinkimbi enkulu eqala phakathi nezinsuku zokuvezwa kwe-mite, kodwa ingaqala kuze kube amasonto ambalwa emva kwalokho. Isikhathi sokutshala isikhathi, isikhathi esiphakathi kokuchayeka emitini kanye nokuqala kwezimpawu, kufushane uma usulele ukutheleleka ngaphambili.
Ukunambitheka kakhulu kuvame ukuthinta izigqoko, izimbambo, izinsikazi, iminwe, amabele, amabhotela, noma izitho zangasese, futhi ngokuvamile akuthinti ubuso. Ukuvuthwa kuvame ukuvela ngaso sonke isikhathi kodwa kuvame ukubonakala ebusuku.
Ukushaywa kwama-scabi kungase kuhambisane nokuqhuma okubonakalayo okungabonakala njengamahlumela abomvu amancane, ama-welts, noma ama-scaly lesions. Ungase uhlakulele ukusikeka kwesikhumba kanye namanothi okuqala njengomphumela wokuphindaphinda kaningi isikhumba sakho esibucayi.
Izimpawu zingaba zimbi nakakhulu uma unomphumela wokugula owenziwe umuthi. Izingane ezincane kakhulu zingase zibe nokubandakanyeka okukhulu, kufaka ubuso, ikhanda, izintende zezandla, nezintambo, kuyilapho abantu abadala bengenalo.
Ifomu eliphakeme le-scabi, ama-scabi aseNorway, abhekene nezindawo ze-crusting eziqukethe inani elikhulu lezibungu.
Izimbangela
Ama-scabi abangelwa ukuhlasela kwe-mite esikhumbeni, okwenzeka uma kunomuntu ophethe isikhumba ngqo nomuntu onenkinga. Lokhu kungaba njalo futhi kuvame ukuxhumana kocansi, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zokuxhumana zesikhumba esiseduze nesikhathi eside zihlobene nokusabalalisa kwama-scabi (njengoba kuvame ukubhekana nezimo ezinabantu abaningi). Ukunika umuntu ukumbamba okusheshayo noma ukuxhawula ngesandla akuvamile ukubeka engozini.
I-mite ayihlali isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku noma ezimbili ezintweni ezingapheli, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukubamba ama-scabi ngokuthinta izinto eziye zahlangana nomuntu oye waba no-scabies noma oye waba nayo. Yize kunjalo, nakuba kungavamile, ukulala noma ukugqoka okungabangela ukwelashwa kungabangela ukutheleleka okusha.
I-mite ye-parasitic iyingcosana, evamile kakhulu ukuthi ingabonwa ngeso elimele. I-mite ibhinqa ngaphansi kwesikhumba bese ibeka amaqanda angu-10 kuya kwangu-25 ngaphambi kokufa. Amaqanda aphuza izinsuku ezintathu kamuva bese izibungu zihamba phezu kwesikhumba. Izibungu zivuthiwe zabadala ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuya kwezingu-14.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukwahlulela kwesidakamizwa kuvame ukusetshenziswa konke okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ama-scabi , futhi uzocabangela ngokuqondile ukutholakala okukhulu kokubukeka nokubonakala nendawo yokuqhuma. Mhlawumbe kusobala ukuthi ukushayeka kwakho kungaba yingozi uma uhlala nomunye umuntu noma uhlangane nomuntu onesifo.
I-Rash
Ukuqhuma okwenziwe yizinhlayiyana kungabonakala kufana nezinye iziqhumane. Nakulokhu, ama-scabi aphuthuma ngokuvamile avela ezinsikeni, phakathi kweminwe, emagqumeni, eduze kwesinqe, nasendaweni yobulili. Nakuba ukuqhuma kulezo zindawo akuqinisekisi ngokuqondile ukuthi kukhona ama-scabi, kuyinto ephakamisa ithemba layo.
Ukuqhuma kubangela amaphilisi abomvu ngemigqa encane ehlanganisiwe, ebizwa ngokuthi iminyango, elandela indlela ehamba ngayo. Njengoba i-mite ingavami ukuhamba kude uma ingaphansi kwesikhumba, izigubhu zingase zingabonakali noma zingabonakali. Ukuqhuma kungase kubangele ukuvuvukala okukhulu esikhumbeni nge-blisters, ubomvu, nokushaya.
Izithombe ze-Scabi zingakunikeza umbono omuhle walokho ukukhwabanisa kwe-scabi kungahle kubonakale.
Izivivinyo zokuxilonga
Azikho izivivinyo ezihle ezingakwazi ukuhlola izifo, kepha udokotela angase acabange ukuthi ahlule ingxenye encane ye-rash bese ehlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope yezinambuzane noma amaqanda ama-mite; isikhumba se-scaly senza amasampula angcono kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, i-mite namaqanda ayibonakali, ngisho noma umuntu enesifo.
Amanye amasu amancane ahamba phambili angathuthukisa ukuzwela kokuxilongwa.
Ukwelapha
Izinketho ezilandelayo zokwelapha zingasiza ukuqeda ukushaywa kwezikhwa.
- Ivumela u-5% ukhilimu: Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kwe-line yokuqala kubantu abaningi, kubandakanya abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancancisayo nabantwana abangaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili ubudala. Faka isicelo esivela phezulu entanyeni kuze kube sezinyaweni zezinyawo ngesikhathi sokulala bese uhlanza ekuseni. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-permethrin yindlela ephephile kakhulu yabesifazane abakhulelwe.
- Ivermectin: Okunye ukwelashwa kodwa akunconywanga izingane ezinesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-33. Le mithi yomlomo isetshenziselwa ukuphatha ezinye izidumbu. Umthamo osetshenziswayo ubalwa ngesisindo sakho, kanti imithi ithathwa ngamanani amabili, amaviki amabili ngaphandle. Njengamanje ayivunyelwe yi-FDA yokwelashwa kwama-scabies, kodwa kunezifundo ezibonisa ukuthi ziyasebenza, kanti amaCenter for Disease Control (CDC) uncoma ukusetshenziswa kwalo kubantu abangathuthuki ngezokwelapha ngama-scabi ase-FDA kuvunyelwe.
- I-sulphur ointment (esiphezulu sulfure): Omunye ukwelashwa okubili okuphephile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Ibuye isetshenziswe njengendlela yokwelashwa kokuqala kwezinsana ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili ubudala.
Imithi isebenza ngokubulala izibungu, kodwa zihlala esikhumbeni kuze kube yilapho isidumbu siphula phansi bese sithatha. Le nqubo ingathatha cishe amasonto amane, futhi kuvamile ukuthi ukushaywa kwe-scabi kuyashesha kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. I-steroids ye-topical esetshenziselwa izindawo ezihlupha kakhulu kanye nama- antihistamine omlomo , njenge-Benadryl (diphenhydramine Hcl), angasiza ekunciphiseni ukuhlunga.
Ukuvimbela
Njengoba kushiwo, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ama-scabi ukugwema ukuthintana eduze nalabo abanakho. Lokho kuthiwa, amacala amaningi we-scabi adluliselwa kusuka komuntu oyedwa kuya komunye ngaphambi kokuba umuntu wokuqala azi ukuthi zithintekile.
Uma usondelene kakhulu nomuntu otholiwe ukuthi unezinhlayiya, kufanele uphinde uphathwe-ngabe ngabe ubonisa izimpawu nezimpawu ze-scabi noma cha. Ngokuvamile, wonke amakhaya aphathwa ngisho noma umuntu oyedwa kuphela enezinwele. Uma umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ekhuthaza ukuphatha umndeni wakho wonke, wonke umuntu kufanele athole ukwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Zonke izingubo, ukulala, namalitha asetshenziswe ngumuntu onesifo sofuba kufanele ahlanzwe emanzini ashisayo futhi omiswe esomini eshisayo. Ukushisa okukhulu kakhulu kubhubhisa i-mite, ukuyivimbela ekusakazeni. Uma ungakwazi ukugeza izinto ezithile, ungagwema ukuthintana bese uzifaka esikhwameni seplastiki izinsuku ezintathu ukuze uziqede. I-mite ingaphila izinyanga emzimbeni womuntu, kodwa kuphela izinsuku ezimbalwa ezintweni, okwenza imizamo yokunciphisa izinto ngokuphumelelayo uma kwenziwa kahle.
Izwi elivela
Uma une-scabies, ukushaywa nokushayeka kungaba okungakhululekile. Ungakwazi ukuphumula ngokushesha futhi ngokunethezeka uma uthola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha nje uma wazi ukuthi kungenzeka uvezwe, noma ngokushesha nje lapho uqala ukubona izimpawu noma izimpawu zesimo-noma yikuphi okuza kuqala.
Kungaba khona inhlamba ehambisana ne-scabies, njengoba abaningi bengaboni kahle ukuthi kubangelwa kanjani. Uma lokhu kukukhathalela, ungase uthole ukuthi kuyasiza ukuhamba phambili ngokuxilongwa kwakho nalabo okungase kuthinte, chaza izinyathelo ozithathayo ukuvikela izikhala ezabelwana ngazo, futhi ukhulume ngalokho okufundile mayelana nokuthi kulula kangakanani ingasakazeka.
> Imithombo:
> Arlian LG, Morgan MS. Ukubuyekezwa kweSarcoptes scabiei: esidlule, okwamanje kanye nekusasa. Ama-Vectors we-Parasit. 2017 Jun 20; 10 (1): 297. i-doi: 10.1186 / s13071-017-2234-1.
> CDC. Amakhanda. Izinsiza zezokwelapha zezempilo, imithi.
> Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Verzì AE, Chosidow O, Schwartz RA. Amakhanda: Ukuqhubekela phambili ekutholeni okungajwayelekile. I-PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Jun 16; 10 (6): e0004691. doi: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pntd.0004691. eCollection 2016 Jun.