I- plaque yesikhumba isihluthulelo esiphakeme, esiqinile, esiqinile, esivamile esingaphezu kwamamitha amabili ububanzi (okungaphezu kwesigamu ngamasentimitha) futhi ehlotshaniswa nenani lezimo zesikhumba, ngokuvamile i-psoriasis. Igama elithi plaque yiFulentshi "ipuleti" elifanele ngoba izilonda ngokuvamile zibukeka njengezicathulo ezincane (ezingcolile).
Sibutsetelo
I-plaque yesikhumba, noma i-lesion eyinhloko, ingaba yindlwana noma ibonakale njengendawo ebanzi yesikhumba engabonakali ephakeme ngaphezu kwesikhumba.
Izikhumba zesikhumba zingahle zichaze imingcele noma cha, futhi zingathatha izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene, kuhlanganise:
- I-annular (ene-ring)
- Hlanganisa (okwenziwe nenyanga-nenyanga)
- I-polygonal (ehlukile futhi ayiyena i-geometri)
- I-polymorphic (ubujamo obuhlukahlukene)
- I-serpiginous (inyoka)
- I-Poikilodermatous (variegated)
Ama-plaque angabonakala noma yikuphi emzimbeni, kodwa avela kaningi emaceleni, amadolo, isikhumba sasekhanda kanye nomhlane ophansi. Inani lesikhumba esithintekile ngamacwecwe liyahlukahluka. Ngezinye izikhathi izikhonkwane esikhumbeni ziyizindawo ezimbalwa ezincane ezibukeka zifana ne-dandruff; ngezinye izikhathi zinyuka kakhulu ezihlanganisa izingxenye ezinkulu zomzimba, njengezibikezelo.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu ezihambisana nama-plaque ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isimo sesikhumba sikhona (bheka ngezansi.) Ngokuvamile, noma kunjalo, kunezimpawu ezimbalwa ezihambisana nama-plaque ahlobene nanoma yisiphi isimo:
- Ukushisa nokushisa
- Ukukhathazeka (ngokuvamile ukuzwa okujulile, okungenandaba nokuzizwa)
- Ukuvuvukala nokuqina komzimba emajoyini lapho kutholakala khona amapulethi
Izimbangela
Kukhona izindlela eziningana ezahlukene ezivela ekubunjweni kwamacwecwe, nakuba i-psqueasis yama-plaque iye yafundiswa kakhulu kakhulu.
Nakuba imbangela eqondile ye-psoriasis engaziwa, kucatshangwa ukuthi ihlotshaniswa nesistimu yomzimba omzimba kanye nohlobo lwegazi elimhlophe: i-T lymphocyte, noma " T cell ". Amaseli e-T asebenza njalo ukuze agweme amagciwane nama-bacteria, kodwa kulabo abanama-psoriasis, ama-T asebenza ngokweqile futhi alwa ngengozi amaseli esikhumba enempilo.
Kanti, kune-overproduction yamaseli esikhumba enempilo namanye amangqamuzana e-T namaseli amhlophe egazi, okuphazamisa umjikelezo wokuchitha isikhumba.
Amangqamuzana omzimba wesikhumba afinyelela eseceleni kwesikhumba ngokushesha: ezinsukwini lapho kuthatha amasonto. Ngenxa yokuthi isikhumba esifile namangqamuzana amhlophe egazini akwazi ukugawula ngokukhawuleza, akha futhi adala amapuletiki aminyene, esikhumbeni.
Izimo ezihlanganisiwe
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezihlukahlukene zokuqhwala isikhumba nemibandela lapho izikhala zingase zibe khona. Lokhu kufaka:
- I-Eczema - Ebizwa nangokuthi i-atopic dermatitis, noma i-allergic dermatitis, i-rashes (kanye nama-plaque) avela ku-eczema ahlotshaniswa nokungezwani komzimba okuthile okuhlangana nesikhumba.
- I-Psoriasis - Isimo esithinta cishe amaphesenti amabili wabantu, ukuqhuma kwe-psoriasis kuhlobene nezinto eziningana ezibandakanya umsebenzi wesistimu omzimba, ukuguqula izakhi zofuzo kanye nezindawo zemvelo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene ze-psoriasis, kodwa i- psoriasis yama-plaque , eyaziwa ngokuthi i-psoriasis vulgaris, ifomu elivame kakhulu.
- I-Pityriasis rosea - Njengesibhamu esincane esifushane, i-pityriasis iyenzeka kakhulu kubantwana abadala nakubantu abadala. Isizathu asikwazi okwamanje, kodwa singase siqhathaniswe nezinye izimo zesikhumba ezibangela izikhumba zesikhumba ngokutholakala kwesikhala se- herald , isikhala esikhulu esikhulu esingaba ngamasentimitha amayintshi ububanzi obuqala kuqala.
- I-seborrheic dermatitis - Isifo sesikhumba esibhubhisayo esithinta isikhumba esinezigulane ezisabekayo, i-seborrheic iyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi yisimo esibangela ukuxoshwa.
- I-Tinea versicolor - Ebizwa nangokuthi i-pityriasis versicolor, i-tinea versicolor ivame ukudideka nezinye izinsalela. Kuyinto yokutheleleka okubangelwa amafomu okubangelwa yi-yeasts Pityrosporum orbiculare ne- Pityrosporum ovale etholakala ebusweni kwesikhumba nasezintweni ezinobuchopho . Kuba yinkinga kuphela lapho kune-overgrowth ye-fungus. Njengoba imbiliso yomsulwa ivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin ngama- melanocytes (i-chemicals edala i-tan), ukuqhuma kuvame ukuguqulwa, kube lula kunesikhumba esiseduze. Kunezimo eziningi ezandisa ingozi yalesi simo, ikakhulukazi ukukhulelwa. Kungatholakala ukuthi kuyindlela efana nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, kodwa futhi zingabonwa emtholampilo ngesibani se-Woods. (Ngaphansi kokukhanya okumnyama ukuqhuma kuveza umbala ophuzi.)
- I-Ringworm - I-Ringworm, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-tinea corporis, ingenye isifo sofuba esingabangwa yi-fungi ehlukahlukene eyaziwa ngokuthi i-dermatophytes. I-fungus iphila emangqamuzaneni afile ebusweni besikhumba, futhi ikhula kakhulu phakathi kweminwe nezinzwane, esikhunjini, I-fungus ikhula emanzini ashisayo futhi ivele iqhuma ngokubambisana, ngenxa yokuxhumana okusheshayo nokujuluka. Ukuhlanzeka okungcolile nakho kungandisa ingozi.
Ukuxilongwa
Ama-plaque angenye yezinhlobo eziningana zezilonda eziyinhloko ezikhombisa isifo sesikhumba. Ama-plaques angase abe yinselelo enkulu ukuxilonga ngoba kunezimo eziningana zesikhumba ezingabangela ama-plaques, kodwa kunezinto ezitholakalayo eziyingqayizivele ezingasiza ekutsheleni lezi zinhluzane ngaphandle. Isibonelo, i-seborrheic dermatitis plaques iyinhlayiya, ihlazo, ibomvu futhi itholakale kakhulu ezingxenyeni zomzimba zomzimba, kuhlanganise ubuso nesifuba. I-Pityriasis rosea plaques iqala ngepaki eyodwa ye-herald futhi isakazeka. Amapulangwe abuye afane namagatsha emithi.
Ukukhanya kwe-Wood kungasetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-tinea versicolor, engase ivele ibonakale ehlukile ngenxa ye-hypopigmentation. Isivivinyo se-KOH singase sibe nesimo esihle kwezinye zezimo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuxilongwa okucacile akunakwenziwa ngeso lengqondo noma ngokusebenzisa ukuhlola kwebhu, futhi kuyodingeka isikhumba se-skin biopsy ukuxilonga isifo sesikhumba.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwezikhumba zesikhumba kuncike ekwelapheni kwesifo sesikhumba esingaphansi. Lokho kusho ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isifo sesikhumba esihlangene nabo, amapulanka avame ukuphendula ukwelashwa ngekhilimu noma amafutha ashukela , njenge-corticosteroid noma i- retinoid . Imithi yomlomo, njenge-antihistamine, ingahle ibekwe ukuze kusize ukulawula ukushaywa (ukusha kungabangela umjikelezo ononya nezinye zezimo.) I-plaque psoriasis ingaphathwa ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa okulula.
Ukuhlanzeka okuhlanzekile, ukusetshenziselwa njalo ukuthungwa kwamanzi, ukugeza oatmeal kanye nokushisa kwelanga (ngenkathi ugqoke i-SPF, kunjalo) konke kuthiwa kunciphise ukungahambi kahle futhi kugcine isikhumba siphephile, nakuba singakwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele amapulethi ukuba avele.
> Imithombo:
> Errichetti, E., noG. Stinco. I-Dermoscopy in General Dermatology: Uhlolojikelele oluSebenzayo. Izidakamizwa kanye nokuTherapy . 2016. 6 (4): 71-507.
> Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Izimiso zikaHarrison zeMithi yangaphakathi. ENew York: imfundo kaMc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.