Konke okudingeka ukwazi nge-antihistamines
I-Histamine iyimakhemikhali evame ukukhiqizwa emzimbeni wakho futhi igcinwe kumaseli aphikisayo, njengama- mast cell kanye nama- basophil . Uma une-allergies, i-histamine ikhishwa kulawa maseli ekuphenduleni kwezilwane. I-histamine yakho ibophezela kwi- receptor ye-histamine , ekhona kumaseli ahlukahlukene emzimbeni wakho futhi imiphumela yezibonakaliso zokugula ezifana nokuthunga, amehlo anamehlo , impumulo, imicu , noma i- anaphylaxis .
Ama-antihistamine yimithi evimbela i-receptor ye-histamine, ngaleyo ndlela igweme izimpawu zobugebengu ezenza ukuthi i-histamine ibangele njengokukloloda, impumu egijimayo, amehlo anamehlo, nokuvuvukala komphimbo.
Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile Kwama-Antihistamine
Ama-antihistamines asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene zokwelashwa, futhi angathathwa emlonyeni, egazini lomzimba , ekudoneni kwamehlo , nasefomini ezijowe. Izifo ze-antihistamines ezisetshenziselwa ukufaka:
- I-Hay fever (i-rhinitis ye-allergen): Ama-antihistamine omlomo omusha, njenge-Xyzal (levocetirizine), i-Zyrtec (cetirizine), i-Allegra (fexofenadine), i-Clarinex (desloratadine) ne-Clarinex (desloratadine), iyindlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo kakhulu yokwelashwa kwe-hay fever . Ama-antihistamine amadala , njenge-diphenhydramine (i-Benadryl), i-chlorpheniramine (i-Chlor-Trimeton), ne-hydroxyzine (i-Atarax), isebenza kahle kepha inemiphumela emibi eminingi. Ama-antihistamine omlomo asebenza kahle uma ethathwa njengento edingekayo, okusho ukuthi izimpawu zakho zokungezwani komzimba zithuthuka ngaphakathi kwehora noma ezimbili zokuthatha imithi . Ama-antihistamine atholakalayo njengama- sprays asemanzini ekwelapheni i-rhinitis ye-allergen ( imilayezo yemisipha ). I-Nasal antihistamine sprays ihlanganisa i-Astelin (azelastine) ne-Patanase (olopatadine). Amaphilisi e-corticosteroid esiswini ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukwelapha imithi. Izibonelo zazo zifaka i-Rhinocort (i-budesonide), i-Flonase (i-fluticasone propionate), i-Nasonex (i-mometasone), ne-Nasacort yokungezwani komzimba i-24 Hour (triamcinolone).
- Izifo zamehlo: Ama-antihistamine omlomo angasiza ukuphatha izimpawu zemizimba yesilwane . Zitholakala futhi njengamaconsi asehlo, njenge-Optivar (azelastine), i-Emadine (emedastine), i- Visine-A (pheniramine), ne-Alaway (ketotifen). Amaconsi e-corticosteroid angase asetshenziselwe ukwelapha isifo somzimba lapho ama-antihistamine engasebenzi. Izibonelo zifaka i-Flarex (i-fluorometholone), i-Alrex (i-loteprednol), ne-Omnipred (prednisolone).
- I-hives (i-urticaria): Ama-antihistamine omlomo ayinhloko yokwelashwa kwama-hive. Ama-antihistamine amasha, aphansi ahlala phansi, afana ne- Zyrtec noma uClaritin , akhethwa ngaphezu kwama-antihistamines asebekhulile, asebenzayo njengeBenadryl noma i-Atarax. Ama-antihistamine amakhemikhali aphezulu, avela ezinhlobonhlobo ze- creams anti-itch anti-anti-anti , akufanele asetshenziselwe ukwelashwa kwemifantu noma ezinye izifo zesikhumba ngoba ukusebenzisa ama-anti-anti -istamine esikhumbeni, njenge-Benadryl cream, angabangela uxhumano lwe-dermatitis ngenxa ku-antihistamine.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwama-Antihistamine
Ama-antihistamine asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezinye izimo ezibangelwa ukwelashwa, nakuba zingase zingasebenzi ngendlela efana ne- hay fever nama-hives. Lezi zimo zingafaka:
- Umkhuhlane ovamile
- Ukubheka isikhumba (pruritus)
- Izibungu nezinambuzane
- Ukusabela okwe-allergen kuya kwemithi
- Anaphylaxis
Ama-anti-anti-anti-medinine ajwayelekile
Ama-antihistamine omlomo avamile ahlanganisa lezi zigaba:
- I-over-the-counter (i-OTC): Mhlawumbe i-antihistamine yomlomo eyaziwa kakhulu yi- Benadryl , eyisikhulile, i-antihistamine yokuhlala. Nakuba i-Benadryl imithi efanelekayo yokwelashwa kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zezilonda, imiphumela emibi inganqamuli ukusetshenziswa kwayo njalo, ikakhulukazi emini. I-Benadryl, namanye ama-antihistamine amaningi amadala, afana ne-Chlor-Trimeton (chlorpheniramine), ayatholakala i-OTC ngaphandle kwemithi. Ama-antihistamine amasha, amancane angaphansi, i-Claritin, i-Allegra, ne-Zyrtec, ayatholakala ne-OTC ngaphandle kwemithi. Le mithi ibangelwa ukudonsa okuncane futhi ngakho-ke iyathandwa ngaphezu kwamafomu asekudala, ama-sedating.
- Imithi kuphela: Nakuba ama-antihistamine amaningi asebekhulile asele asele asele asekhona, manje i-Atarax isatholakala kuphela ngomuthi. I-Atarax iyadlulela ngokweqile futhi ivame ukushiwo ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa zesikhumba ezinjenge-hive nokushaywa. I-metabolite esebenzayo ye-Atarax, i-Zyrtec, itholakala ku-OTC futhi ibangela ukuhlaselwa okuncane kakhulu. I-Xyzal ne-Clarinex, i-antihistamine emibili engaphansi kancane, isatholakala kuphela ngomuthi, njengoba kunjalo ne-Periactin (cyproheptadine).
Imiphumela emibi yama-Antihistamines
Ama-antihistamine amadala, afana ne-Benadryl ne-Atarax, anemiphumela emibi ye- anticholinergic , efaka umlomo owomile, ukulala, ukuqothuka, ukuphathwa ikhanda nokugcinwa kwamanzi.
Ngenxa yemiphumela emibi yale mithi, ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengendawo yokudlulela kakhulu ukuze isebenzise ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. Njengoba i-antihistamine endala ingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwengqondo nemoto, inganciphisa ikhono lakho lokusebenzisa izimoto noma imishini enzima. Eqinisweni, emazweni amaningi, ungakhokhiswa ngokushayela-ngaphansi kwe-ithonya (DUI) uma uqhuba imoto ngenkathi uthola imithi efana no-Benadryl.
Ama-antihistamines amasha, aphansi, anjengeClaritin ne-Zyrtec, athambekele ekubeni nemiphumela emibi ye-anticholinergic. Ngesikhathi lezi antihistamine ezintsha zingase zidale ukulala noma umlomo owomile, azibonwanga ukuthi zonakalisa ikhono lakho lokusebenzisa imoto. I-Allegra yiyona kuphela i-antihistamine engacatshangwa ukuthi ayidabuli.
Ama-antihistamine no-Weight Gain
Ngaphandle kokudliwa nomlomo owomile, ama-antihistamine angase abe nomphumela ongathandeki wecala lokukhula kwesifiso nokuzuza kwesisindo . Lokhu kungahle kube ngenxa yesakhiwo samakhemikhali esifanayo sama-antihistamine kanye nemithi ethile yemithi, njengama-anti-depressants, awaziwa ukwandisa ukudla futhi aholele ekutheni uzuze isisindo.
Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi abaye basebenzisa i-Xyzal babika ukwanda kwesifiso nesisindo somzimba . I-iphakheji ye-Xyzal iqinisekisa ukuzuza kwesisindo njengomphumela owaziwayo kodwa ubika ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka nje kuphela kumaphesenti angu-0.5 ezitshengweni ezithatha le mithi. Ama-antihistamine amadala, afana ne-Periactin (cyproheptadine), empeleni asetshenziselwe ukukhula kwesidlo nesisindo sokunciphisa izingane ezingaphansi kwamandla omzimba kanye neziguli zomdlavuza eziphethwe yi-chemotherapy.
> Umthombo:
> Abasebenzi beMayo Clinic. Imithi yokwelapha: Ukukwazi Izinketho Zakho. I-Mayo Clinic. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Juni 6, 2017.