Lapho Umbala Wesikhumba Uhlukanisiwe Abantfwana AbaMnyama nabama-White Deaf Kids
Lapho izikole zihlukanisiwe eminyakeni eyedlule, izikole zezizithulu zilandela. Kwaphela iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100, abantwana abamnyama abayizithamela babe khona izinhlelo ezihlukene zemfundo, behlala emakilasini ahlukene noma ezakhiweni ezihlukene ekamelweni elifanayo njengeziko lesithulu . Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwaholela ekwakhiweni kolimi olumnyama lweLimi Lwezandla LwaseMelika , uhlobo oluthile olufanayo "kwiNgisi emnyama."
Lapho izikole zezithulu zihlanganiswa, lezi zakhiwo kanye namakhamera ahlukene ayevaliwe noma afakwe kulo lonke isikole. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ulimi olumnyama lwama-ASL lwashona njengoba abantwana abamnyama abayizithulu bengasahlukaniswa nezingane ezimhlophe ezizithulu. Ngenhlanhla, izinkumbulo zalolu phiko zigcinwe ezincwadini ezinjengeMsindo njengekhaya. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwakhuthazwa yiNational National of the Deaf, okuyinto ngo-1904 yakhuthaza ukusungulwa kwezikole ezihlukene zabantwana abamnyama abayizithulu.
Lokhu kuhlukana kwakusho ukuthi othisha abamnyama abayizithulu bakwazi ukuthola imisebenzi yokufundisa kulezi zinhlelo ezihlukene. Lezi zinhlelo zaveza othisha bokuqala abayizithulu, uJulius Carrett no-Amanda Johnson, bobabili abaqedile uhlelo lweNorth Carolina kubantu abayizithulu abamnyama, noHl Johns, owayesineziqu ohlelweni lweMadman oluzithulu abamnyama. Bonke abathathu baqashwa yiTexas Institute for Youth Deaf, Dumb and Blind Colors Youth.
Uhlu lwezikole ezihlukanisiwe
- Alabama - Isikole se-Negro Deaf-Mutes and Blind (1891).
- District of Columbia - I-Kendall School eGallaudet ayizange ithathe abafundi abamnyama abayizithulu kuze kufike ngo-1952, lapho beyala ukuba inkantolo (ngaphambi kwalokho abafundi abafundi abamnyama babeya esikoleni eMalton). Indaba yokulwa ukuze uKendall athathe abafundi base-DC abamnyama abayizithulu ibhalwe kule filimu "I-'52 'ye-". ". UKendall wabe esakha isakhiwo esihlukile, kodwa ukucwasana kwakumfushane njengoba ngo-1954 isinqumo seNkantolo eNkulu seSikhulu sokuhlanganiswa sisho ukuthi iKendall kumele ihlanganiswe. Umbukiso we-History Through Deaf Eyes unezithombe zabafundi abamnyama abayizithulu abaKendall.
- Florida - iFlorida Institute for the Blind, Deaf and Dumb Colors Department (1895).
- I-Georgia - I-Georgia School ye-Negro Deaf (1882).
- IKentucky - Kentucky yayinezikole lezizithulu ezinemibala. Iphephandaba laseKentucky Standard leKentucky School for the Deaf, vol.130, Spring 2003 lalinesihloko esifushane ngomlando wesikole esinemibala (1885 kuya ku-1950).
- Umlando Ngezindebe Ezingenangqondo - Umlando Ngokubukeka Kwamazwi Ezithulu kunesithombe sabafundi abangezithulu baseKentucky ekhasini layo ngezikole eziDesegregated.
- I-Louisiana - Louisiana School for the Deaf yahlala ngokwehlukaniswa ngasekupheleni kuka-1978, ekubeni isikole sokugcina sesithulu ukuba sihlanganiswe. Isikole esisithulu saseSouth Louisiana sasisesikoleni saseLouasana sabantu abathandekayo nabayizimpumputhe.
- Maryland - Isikole sezintambo ezilahlekile nezimpumputhe (Isikhungo saseMadrid for the Blind Blind and Deaf-Mutes) (1872). I- American Annals Yezithulu Nezikhohlisi (umlandeli we- American Annals Wezithulu ) wayenesihloko esithi, "Isikhungo saseMargan Institute for Colored Deaf-Mutes," ngo-July 1873.
- I-North Carolina - Isikole saseNorth Carolina seColored Deaf and Blind (1869) - isikole sokuqala sabantwana abamnyama abayizithulu. Umbuso wamisa uMnyango Wamabala. Omunye weziqu zomnyango, uRoger D. O'Kelly, waba ngummeli futhi wafakazelwa kumuntu omdala owayesebenza kahle , uMqulu 139, No.6. Isihloko mayelana noKelly, "Ummeli we-Only Negro Deaf - Mute e-United States," angabonwa ku-intanethi.
- Oklahoma - I-Oklahoma Industrial Institution kubantu abayizithulu, abayizimpumputhe, nezintandane eMncintiswaneni Wemibala.
- I-South Carolina - South Carolina Isikhungo seMfundo Yezithulu Nezimpumputhe Nezimpumputhe, uMnyango Wezithombe.
- I-Tennessee - uJames Mason (omnyama, ozwayo ) wasungula isikole sabantu abayizithulu abamnyama, iSikole saseTennessee sabantu abathandekayo nabadaka.
- ETexas - Texas Institute for Youth Deaf, Tute, and Blind Youth Colors (1887). UWilliam Holland, owayeyisigqila esasizwayo esasimemezela ukusungulwa kwesikole sezithulu ezinemibala, waba umqondisi walo wokuqala ngo-1887.
- Isikole saseVirginia - Virginia seColored Deaf and Blind Children (1909).
- Isikole saseWest Virginia - iSikole saseVest Virginia seColored Deaf and Blind (1919). Omunye wezithulu zase-Afrika zase-Afrika ezizizwayo, u-Ernest Hairston, uye wafunda esikoleni ngaphambi kokuba kuhlanganiswe. Umagazini i- Goldenseal , umqulu 28, inombolo 3, i-Fall 2002, unesihloko esithi, "IWest Virginia Schools for the Colored Deaf and Blind," ngu-Ancella Bickley. (Ungase ukwazi ukuthola ikhophi ngokuxhumana nabashicileli eWVCulture.org) UBickley naye wabhala incwadi ethi, Ngaphandle kwezinselelo: Umlando weZikole zaseWest Virginia eziNzwa eziPhuphukile nezimpumputhe, 1926-1955. Lanyatheliswa yi-West Virginia University Press ngo-2001 futhi kubonakala sengathi ayitholakali futhi KUBILE kanzima ukuthola. Isithombe sencwadi singatholakala ku-West Virginia University Alumni Magazine, umagazini ka-2002.
> Imithombo:
> Gannon, uJack R., Deaf Heritage , iNational National of the Deaf, 1981, p.
> UPaddon, uCarol, noHumphries, uTom L. Ngaphakathi Nezinkohliso Zomdabu , i-Harvard University Press, 2005, iphe. 50-54.
> Hairston, Ernest, noSmith, Linwood. Abomnyama nabayizithulu eMelika: Ingabe Sasihlukile , TJ Publishers, Inc., 1983.