I-Present Defect Heart at Birth
Isikhumba segazi esikhulu kunawo wonke emzimbeni futhi esiyinhloko esithwala igazi kude nenhliziyo emzimbeni yi-aorta. Ekubambeni kwe-aorta, isifo senhliziyo esibuhlungu ekuzalweni, isigaba se-aorta sincane kakhulu (sinqunyelwe). Lokhu kwenza kube nzima inhliziyo ukupompa igazi emzimbeni.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-aorta kubonakala ku-5-8% yezingane ezizalwa ezinesifo senhliziyo (esibizwa ngokuthi isifo senhliziyo esiswini).
Kwenzeka kaningi kubafana njengamantombazane. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-aorta kwenzeka ngoba umkhumbi awuzange uthuthuke kahle phakathi kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili okuqala wokukhulelwa. Le nsipho yenhliziyo ivame kakhulu kubantu abanezifo ezithile zofuzo ezifana ne- Turner syndrome . Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-40.
Izimpawu
I-aorta ihlotshiswe njengomhlanga we-candy, nengxenye ephikisiwe eya ngasekhanda kanye nengxenye eqondile ekhomba emzimbeni. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-aorta kungenzeka noma kuphi emkhunjini kodwa kuvele kwenzeke ngemuva nje kwekhasi elilingene no-C phezulu (elibizwa ngokuthi i-aortic arch). Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi lingase libe nesikhathi esinzima ukuphuma emzimbeni. Futhi, ukucindezelwa kwegazi kuyoba phezulu ngaphambi kwesigaba esincane kodwa ngaphansi kwayo. Ngakho-ke, izingane ezinokwenziwa kwe-aorta zingase zibe nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:
- ikhanda elivela emfuthweni wegazi ophezulu ekhanda
- izinyawo ezibandayo noma imilenze
- imivimbo emilenzeni ngokuzivocavoca
- imisindo yenhliziyo engavamile (ukukhononda kwenhliziyo)
- ukuzondwa noma ukuphelelwa amandla
- Izinsana zingase zibe nobunzima bokudla nokunciphisa umzimba
Uma lukhuni kakhulu, izimpawu zizoba nzima nakakhulu. Ukumisa kancane kungase kungabangeli izimpawu.
Ukuxilongwa
Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-aorta kutholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqala kwengane esanda kuzalwa noma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesinye isikhathi nodokotela wezingane.
Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu ezifana nenhliziyo ekhononda, ikhanda, noma ukujikeleza okungafanele emilenzeni zizobonisa ukuthi ukuxilongwa. Ochwepheshe bezinhliziyo zezingane (i- cardiologist yezingane ) uzonikeza ingane ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwenhliziyo, kubandakanya ukuhlola ukushaywa komfutho nokucindezeleka kwegazi ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Ekubambeni kwe-aorta, ukushaywa komzimba kuyoba buthakathaka futhi umfutho wegazi uphansi emilenzeni kunezingalo.
I-x-ray yesifuba ingabonisa ingxenye encane ye-aorta. Inqubo ewusizo kunazo zonke iyoba yi-ultrasound yenhliziyo (echocardiogram). Kule nqubo, i-cardiologist izokwazi ukubuka isakhiwo senhliziyo futhi ibone ukuhlanganiswa kwe-aorta. Ngezinye izikhathi ezinye izivivinyo ezifana ne-imagery magnetic resonance (MRI) noma ukuskena kwe-tomography (CT) kungadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Ukwelapha
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-aorta kuphathwa ngokulungisa isigaba esincane somkhumbi. Iningi lezingane lizoba nokulungiswa okwenziwe kwasebuntwaneni, futhi cishe bonke bayolungiswa ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-10. Kunezindlela ezimbili ezingalungiswa: nge-balloon angioplasty nangokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile.
I-Balloon angioplasty - Kule nqubo, ithanga elide eliguquguqukayo (elibizwa ngokuthi i-catheter) lifakwe emzimbeni omkhulu wegazi endaweni yokugcoba futhi ifakwe kuze kube senhliziyweni lapho i-aorta ilula khona.
I-catheter ine-balloon encane encane ekugcineni kwayo. Uma ifika esigabeni esicacile, ibhaluni iyanconywa futhi ingxenye eqinisiwe ivuliwe. Idivayisi encane ebizwa ngokuthi i-stent ingafakwa lapho ukusiza ukugcina i-aorta evulekile.
Ukuhlinzwa - Ingxenye encane ye-aorta inqunywe futhi iziphetho ezinempilo zihlangene ndawonye. Uma isigaba sisusiwe sikhulu, izinto zokwenziwa komzimba noma enye yemithwalo yegazi yengane isetshenziselwa ukugoba igebe.
Iningi lezingane liphila impilo enempilo emva kokulungiswa kokushayisana. Ngezinye izikhathi ukugoqa kwe-aorta kungase kwenzeke futhi. Kulesi simo angioplasty ibhaluni noma ukuhlinzekwa okwengeziwe kungadingeka ukuyilungisa.
Imithombo
> "Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Aorta (CoA)." Ingane Yami ine .... Isibhedlela Sezingane I-Boston.
> Zieve, uDavid. "Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-aorta." I-MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. 11 Dec 2007. I-US National Library of Medicine.