Abazali bavame ukusola ukudla okunobuthi njalo lapho izingane zabo zithola isifo sohudo nokuhlanza.
Ngenhlanhla, ukubulawa kwesifo akukhona okwenzeka njalo, njengoba izimo eziningi zokuhuda nokuhlanza ezinganeni zibangelwa izifo ezilula ezibangelwa igciwane ukuthi izingane zifike ekunakekelwa kwelanga noma esikoleni.
Noma kunjalo, ukudla okunobuthi kuyinto evamile, njengoba i-CDC ilinganisa ukuthi kunezibalo ezingaba ngu-76 million zokudla okunobuthi e-United States unyaka ngamunye.
Nakuba iningi lalezi zimo liphansi, abantu abangaba ngu-325,000 abane-poisoning yokudla bayiswa esibhedlela kanti abangu-5 000 bayafa ngonyaka ngamunye.
Njengoba izingane ezincane ziphakathi kwamaqembu asengozini enkulu yokuthola amacala angathà sina futhi asongela ukuphila kokudla okunobuthi, kubalulekile ukuthi abazali bafunde ukuthi bangawaqaphela kanjani futhi bawavimbele ukuba bangabikho.
Izimpawu Zokudla Ngezifo
Izimpawu zokudla ezinobuthi zingashintsha kuye ngokuthi yini ebangela, kodwa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, isicanuca, kanye nezikhonda zesisu.
Ezinye izibonakaliso, njengokuthi uma umuntu enesifo sohudo e- E. coli O157, angafaka isifo sohudo egazi, nezinkinga ezifana ne-hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) noma i- fever uma bane-salmonellosis (ukutheleleka kwe-Salmonella).
Amakhomikhali, njenge-botulism, angabangela izimpawu ezibulalayo ze-neurotoxic, kubandakanya umbono ophindwe kabili, nenkinga yokugwinya, ukukhuluma nokuphefumula.
Kuye ngesibangela, izimpawu zokudla okunobuthi zingase zivele amahora ambalwa noma ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokudla ukudla okungcolile.
Ukuqhathanisa Ukudla Kwe-Poisoning
Ukudla ubuthi ngokuvamile kulukhuni ukuxilonga ngoba kungabangelwa izinto eziningi ezahlukene, kuhlanganise namagciwane, amabhaktheriya, ama-parasites, kanye ne-toxin, njenge:
- I-Campylobacter
- I-Salmonella
- E. coli O157
- Ama-virus we-Norwalk
- Shigella
- I-hepatitis A
- Giardia lamblia
- Cryptosporidia
- I-Clostridium botulinum , eyenza i-toxin ye-botulinum ebangela i-botulism
- Listeria
- I-staphylococcus aureus , eyenza i-enterotoxin ye-staphylococcal
- Vibrio vulnificus
Ngaphezu kokufuna iphethini yezimpawu, njengokuthi wonke umuntu emndenini wagula kahle ngemva kwamahora ambalwa emva kokudla endaweni yokudlela efanayo, amasiko asezikhungweni angasiza ngezinye izikhathi ukukhomba ama-parasite noma amabhaktheriya abangela izimpawu zokudla okunobuthi. Ukuhlolwa kwesitoreji kungase kubuye kutholakale ubuthi be-bacterial kanye nama-virus.
Akumangalisi ukuthi abantu abaningi banezinyosi zokudla futhi abazi lutho.
Ukwelashwa Kwemfuyo Yokudla
Njengokuhlanza kanye nesifo sohudo esisuka kugciwane lesisu, ukwelashwa kokudla okunobuthi ngokuvamile kuvame ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi.
Ama-antibiotic ngokuvamile awadingekile noma awawusizo amacala amaningi okudla okwesibisi, nakuba kukhona ukutheleleka okukhulu, njenge-shigellosis (ukutheleleka kwe-Shigella), kanye nokudla okubangelwa yi-parasites, ukwelashwa kuyadingeka. Bheka udokotela wezingane uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ine-poisoning yokudla, ikakhulukazi uma isifo sohudo, umkhuhlane omkhulu, izibonakaliso zokungcola, noma uma ingasheshe izuze yedwa.
Ukuvimbela Ukudla Kwe-Poisoning
Njengoba uketshezi lokudla ngokuvamile kulukhuni ukuqaphela futhi kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, kungcono ukuzama nokuvimbela ukudla kokudla kwesifo kuqala.
Lezi zeluleko zokuphepha zingakusiza ugcine izingane zakho ziphilile futhi ukudla kwazo kuphephile:
- Geza izandla zakho ngaphambi kokulungiselela nokukhonza ukudla kwengane yakho.
- Ukupheka ukudla ngaphambi kokuba ubondle izingane zakho, ikakhulu inyama, izinkukhu namaqanda.
- Ukudla okuhlukene nempahla uma ulungiselela, ukhonza futhi ugcina ukudla kwengane yakho, ngakho-ke akugcoli izigciwane ezivela komunye nomunye, futhi izitsha ezihlanzekile nezindawo ezihlanzekile ngamanzi ashisayo nasensiphu.
- Gcina ukudla okusele ngokushesha futhi kungakapheli amahora ambalwa wokupheka noma ukukhonza, uqiniseke ukuthi ukubeka isiqandisini sakho kungabi ngaphezu kwama-degree angama-40 F kanye nefriji yakho ku-0 F noma ngezansi.
- Hlanza zonke izithelo nemifino ngaphambi kokuba ubakhonze ingane yakho.
- Gwema ubisi obungasetshenziswanga ( ubisi oluhlaza ) namajusi.
- Funda mayelana nokukhumbula kwe-FDA nezixwayiso zokuthola ngokudla okungcolile okungenzeka ube nakho ekhaya lakho.
- Phonsa ukudla ocabanga ukuthi kungcolile noma kudlule isikhathi sabo sokuphelelwa yisikhathi, ngisho noma singabumbwanga futhi singenalo iphunga ngoba awukwazi njalo ukutshela lapho ukudla kuhlambulukile.
Okudingeka Ukwazi
- Cishe noma yikuphi ukudla okungakonakaliswa futhi kubangele uketshezi wokudla, kodwa ukudla okunye kubhekwa njengengozi enkulu, kubandakanya ubisi obungasetshenziswanga kanye neminye imikhiqizo yobisi, inyama enenkabi kanye nezinkukhu, i-shellfish eluhlaza, nama-salad alungisiwe, njenge-saladi yeqanda, isaladi lezambane izinkukhu saladi.
- Ukudla kuhlambulukile futhi kubangele uketshezi kokudla ngezindlela eziningi, kufaka phakathi uma kutshalwa ngamanzi angcolile, kusetshenziswe ngendlela engalungile noma emathinini, kungcolile, kungcolisiwe ngesikhathi sokulungiselela, noma uma othile ogulayo elungisa ukudla ngaphandle kokugeza izandla zakhe ngokufanele.
- Awukwazi ukutshela ukuthi ukudla "kubi" noma kuzokwenza ingane yakho igule ngephunga noma umbala wayo. Ukudla okuningi okungcolile kubheka futhi kuphunga okwejwayelekile.
- Uju lungaba umthombo we- Clostridium botulinum spores obangela i-botulism, yingakho kungadingeki unike uju ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-12 ubudala.
Imithombo:
I-CDC Division ye-Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases. Ukudla kokudla.
Isikhathi eside: Izimiso Nezenzo Zezifo Eziphefumulayo Zengane, 2 ed.
UGershon: Krugman's Infectious Diseases of the Children, 11th ed.