Umhlahlandlela wezifo ezithathelwanayo zoMama
Yikudla kokuqala esikutholayo. Kungama-pasta ama-sauces, ama-candies, ama-pastries, ama-custards, ama-cheeses, ama-yogurts no-ayisikhilimu. Ngokuqinisekile ubisi luyingxenye yezithako ezihlukahlukene kakhulu phakathi kwabapheki nezitshalo eziyinhloko emakhaya amaningi. Kodwa-ke, njengomkhiqizo wezilwane ogcwele izakhi, kunezifo eziningana ezithathelwanayo ezihambisana nobisi obunamakhemikhali namikhiqizo yobisi.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi lalezi zinambuzane libulawa yi-pasteurization, futhi ngokoqobo, izifo ngenxa yobisi kanye noshizi ziyinto engavamile-kodwa kungenzeka.
I-pasteurization
Izifo zokuvimbela izifo yisona sizathu sokuthi singabelisi ubisi. Ungafunda ngezindlela kanye nezinkolelo eziphathelene nokuqeda ukudla uma uzibuza ukuthi kuyadingeka ngempela emva kokufunda ngezingozi ezingezansi.
Indlela Ubisi Inkoma Ithola Ngcolisiwe?
Njengabo bonke abantu baphatha ama-microbes, zonke izilwane zenza kanjalo. Ngezinye izikhathi izimboni ezinkomo ezithwalayo zingaba inkinga.
Ezinye izinkomo zobisi zichitha isikhathi esiningi zidla emadlelweni, lapho zihlangana khona nezinhlobonhlobo zemikhakha yemvelo. Kwezinye izimo, izinkomo zivalelwe ezakhiweni, lapho kunezimo ezigcwele kakhulu amabhaktheriya angakhula futhi asakaze kusukela kwenkomo kuya kwenkomo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinambuzane eziningi eziphilayo eziphilayo "(commensal") (izilwane ezikhona nezinkomo ngaphandle kokubangela izifo) zingabhekwa njengezifo zomzimba (zingabangela ukutheleleka kubantu.)
Izindawo zokucubungula izidakamizwa zinemigwaqo eminingi yokungena kwamakhemikhali angcolile. Okokuqala, njengoketshezi olunomsoco, ubisi lunikeza indawo enhle yokukhula kwamagciwane. Okwesibili, izitshalo zokucubungula ubisi zigcwele izindawo lapho "izinyawo zomgwaqo" ezivela kubasebenzi zingaphelezelwa khona namagciwane.
Amagciwane Aphethwe Ngayo Ngomsoco Wenkomo
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlamvu ezincane ezingatholakala kubisi lwezinkomo kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi.
Ingozi yeziningi zalezi, kodwa hhayi zonke, kuncishiswe ngokuncipha. Eminye imikhiqizo ingahlukahluka kakhulu engozini yazo. Isibonelo, izinhlobo eziningi zokudla ezifakiwe ezithambile (njengeBrie) azigciniwe futhi zithwale ingozi ephezulu kakhulu yokutheleleka (ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe) kunokwenza izinyosi ezinzima nezintandane. Ake sibheke ezinye zezifo ezithinta ubisi.
Izifo ze- Bacillus Cereus
I-Bacillus cereus yi-bacteria eveza ubuthi. Uhlobo olulodwa lwe-toxin lungabangela isifo sohudo ngesikhathi omunye edala ukuhlanza. I-bacillus cereus spores ayinamandla okushisa futhi angaphila ukudlala. Kuye kwaze kwaba yizicabha ezingavamile kakhulu ezixhunyaniswe nobisi omisiwe kanye nesomiso olusomama olomisiwe
Brucellosis
I-Brucella yi-microbe ye-bacteria etholakala kwimikhiqizo yobisi engaphathwa kahle. Ukutheleleka kwe- Brucella , noma i-Brucellosis, ibizwe nangokuthi "Ukungafihli Kwemfiva" ngenxa yokuphindaphindiwe komkhuhlane ohambisana nalesi sifo. Kungenye yezimbangela ezibangelwa umkhuhlane wesikhathi eside engaziwayo ezinganeni.
I-Campylobacter jejuni Izifo
I-Campylobacter jejuni yiyona ibciwane elivame kakhulu ukudala isifo sohudo e-US ehlasela cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-2.4 ngonyaka. Ama-bacteria atholakala ebisi oluhlaza kanye nezinkukhu futhi angabangela ukuhuda kwamanzi kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwamathumbu esiswini kuqala kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezinguhlanu emva kokuvezwa.
I-Campylobacter inethuba elikhudlwana lokubangela izifo uma lidliwa ubisi, ngoba i-pH yobisi eyisisekelo ayitholi i-asidi yesisu, ivumela amabhaktheriya ukuba aphile.
I-Coxiella Burnetii Infections
I-Coxiella ihlasela izilwane ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi imfuyo nezilwane ezifuywayo. I-microbe ingatholakala kubisi lwezinkomo futhi imelana nokushisa nokomisa. Ukutheleleka nguCoxiella kuholela ku-Q fever, umkhuhlane ophezulu ongase uphele amasonto amabili. NjengaBrucella , kungase kube imbangela yesifo esingaziwa isikhathi eside ezinganeni.
E. Coli O157: H7 Izifo
I- coli O157: uhlobo lwe- H7 lwe- E. coli luye lwahlotshaniswa neziqhumane eziningana zokudla futhi ngokuvamile luyisifo sohudo olugazini (ukubola kwesifo sofuba). Ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nezinkomo zobisi, ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali okubisi nobisi obuhlaza ushizi lungabangela izifo.
Lezi zinambuzane zingabangela nesifo se-hemolytic uremic syndrome (isifo se-hamburger) esibhalwe yi-platelet ephansi (thrombocytopenia) eholela ekusweleni kwegazi kanye nokuhluleka kwezinso.
Listeriosis
I-Listeria monocytogenes yi-pathogen evamile ye-bacteria etholakala ezinkathini ezithambile (ikakhulukazi izikhuni ezifakiwe) kanye nobisi obungasetshenziswanga. Kungasinda ngisho nangaphansi kwamazinga okushisa okubandayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela ingakwazi ukumelana nesiqandisisi. Kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu abaye banciphisa ama-immune system, kuhlanganise nabesifazane abakhulelwe, abantu abane-AIDS, nabancane kakhulu futhi abadala kakhulu. U-Listeria ungenye yezifo ezitholakala ukuthi zibangelwa ukukhulelwa kwesisu, futhi labo abakhulelwe banamathuba angama-13 okuthola ukutheleleka.
I-Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies I-Paratuberculosis Infections
I-Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis yinkinga ye-mycobacteria engakwazi ukumelana nokuqeda isidumbu futhi ihlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikaCrohn, esaziwa nangokuthi isifo sofuba se-bowel syndrome. Akukaziwa ukuthi ngabe lezi zingqikithi zingakwazi yini ukuthelela abantu futhi ubudlelwane obuqondile be-Mycobacterium paratuberculosis ne-Crohn's disease buhlala buphikisana .
I-Mycobacterium Bovis Infections
I-Mycobacterium , imbangela "yokusetshenziswa," yisifo esishaqisayo sokubhubhisa esithinta amaphaphu kuqala, i- Mycobacterium bovis ihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kobisi oluhlaza futhi ingenye yezinto ezingcolile kakhulu ngaphambi komkhuba wokugcoba. Kufana nesifo sofuba (noma i-TB) esinayo manje, kodwa uhlobo oluhlukile lwamabhaktheriya. Imizamo yokunciphisa amathuba emfuyo ethwele noma ekusakazeni lolu hlobo lwe-TB yisisusa esingasaboni lesi sifo njalo. I-bovis ibangela isifo sofuba emfuyweni futhi singadluliselwa kubantu ngokusebenzisa ubisi lwezinkomo ezingasetshenziswanga, okwenza kube nesifo esifana nesifo sofuba.
I-Salmonella Infections
I-Salmonella ukungcola ubisi oluhlaza kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi bekuwumthombo wezingxabano eziningana eminyakeni yamuva. Izimpawu zihlanganisa isifo sohudo kanye nomkhuhlane ophezulu.
Izifo Zama-Staphylococcus Aureus
I-Staphylococcus aureus ikhiqiza i-toxin edala ukuhlanza okuqhumayo futhi iyimbangela evamile ye-"potluck" ye-poisoning yokudla. Uketshezi kokudla okuvela ku-Staphyloccous aureus akubangelwa ukutheleleka ngama-bacteria, kodwa kunalokho ama-bacterium akhipha ukukhwabanisa ekudleni okushiywe ngaphandle lokushisa kwamahhala. Lapho sekushisa, ama-bacteria abulawa, kodwa i-toxin, ekushiseni okushisa, iyaqhubeka.
I-Yersinia Enterocolitis Infections
Ukwelashwa kwe-Yersinia inococitis kuhlotshaniswa nokudla ubisi oluhlaza kanye ne-ayisikhilimu, phakathi kokunye ukudla. Kukholakala ukuthi ukungcola kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwezindlela zokuhlanza amanzi kanye nezinqubo zokugaya izidakamizwa ezindaweni zokucubungula.
Kuthiwani ngoMad Cow Izifo?
I-Mad Cow Disease, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-bovine spongiform encephalitis (BSE), isifo esithinta isimiso sezinzwa futhi sibangelwa iphrotheni esithathelwanayo ebizwa ngokuthi " prion ." Ukusetshenziswa kwenyama ezinkomo ne-BSE kungaholela ekudlulisweni kwesifo. Kubantu, lesi sifo sabizwa ngokuthi "i-spongiform encephalopathy" eguquguqukayo noma " isifo esihlukile seCreutzfeldt-Jakob ."
Ngenhlanhla embonini yobisi kanye nobisi abathengi, i-prion esithathelwanayo ayitholakali ebisi esuka ezinkomeni ezithathelwanayo, futhi akukho nokudluliselwa ngokuphuza ubisi lwezinkomo kubikwe. Ngamafuphi, awukwazi ukuthola i-Mad Cow Disease ebisi.
Ngezansi - Indlela Yokuvimbela Izifo Ezibhekene Nesifo Esithathelwana Ngayo Ubisi
Kungaba ukwesaba ukufunda ngezifo ezahlukene ezingahanjiswa ngobisi, kodwa imikhuba embalwa elula inganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuthola lezi zifo:
- Ungaphuzi ubisi oluhlaza. Phuza ubisi kuphela obunamakhemikhali kanye neminye imikhiqizo yobisi.
- Cabanga kabili futhi ufunde amalebula uma uthenga "eziphilayo." Izitolo eziningi zokudla eziphilayo zithengisa imikhiqizo yobisi engahlelekile.
- Qaphela izinsizi ezithambile. Ezinye zalezi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingenisiwe, aziqondanga kahle. Njengoba izifo ezinjengeListeria ngokuvamile zibangelwa ukugula okuncane kumama, ngokuvamile ziye zaziwa njengesizathu sokukhulelwa kwesisu.
- Gcina imikhiqizo yobisi ifriji phakathi nosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi olubekiwe kwiphakheji.
- Ungashiyi ukudla, ikakhulukazi okuqukethe imikhiqizo yobisi, ngaphandle kwesiqandisisi amahora angaphezu kwama-amabili (futhi okungenani, ngaphansi.) Gcina engqondweni ukuthi izinhlayiya zebhaktheriya zingaphikelela naphezu kokunciphisa ngisho noma amabhaktheriya ngokwawo abulawa.
- Qaphela lapho uhamba emazweni asathuthuka, landela izinyathelo zokunakekelwa zokuhlanzeka kwezilwane ezweni olapha futhi ungadli imikhiqizo yobisi obuhlaza.
- Imikhiqizo kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi engahlosiwe akuyona imithombo kuphela yokudla ubuthi. Ukudla okunobuthi kungase kuvame kakhulu kunokuba abantu abaningi bacabange, kucabangela ukuthi amacala amaningi "esiswini somkhuhlane" kubantu abadala ayenokudla okunobuthi.
Imithombo
- > Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ubisi obunzima (obungagciniwe). Kubuyekezwe 02/22/17. Ubisi obunzima (obungagciniwe). Kubuyekezwe 02/22/17.
- > Harvey, R., Zakjour, C., noL. Gould. Ukuqubuka kwezifo ezidla ukudla okuhambisana no-Organic Foods e-United States. Umbhalo Wokuvikelwa kokudla . 2016. 79 (11): 1953-1958.