Ukuthungatha kusinikeza iMephu Yemizila, Imithetho Engavumelani Nesimo Esiqinile
Kunezinyathelo eziyisihlanu zomdlavuza we- colorectal , kusukela esiteji 0 kuya kwesiteji 4, okuhloswe ukusitshela ukuthi noma / noma kude kangakanani ukulimala kusakazekile. Isiteji sesi-4 yisigaba esiphezulu kakhulu, okusho ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeke (umonakalo) ngaphesheya kwekolon noma uhlangothi oluya kwezinye izitho ezifana namaphaphu noma isibindi.
Ngenkathi isigaba 4 somdlavuza ngokuqinisekile sizwakala esabekayo, siphakamisa isifo esibulalayo futhi singalawuleki, yilokho okushiwo empeleni?
Futhi, okubaluleke nakakhulu, leli gama lisetshenziswa kanjani kumdlavuza we-colorectal ngokuqondile?
Izigaba zesigaba 4 I-Colorectal Cancer
Umdlavuza wesigcawu esingu-4 ubizwa ngokuyinhloko. Ngenkathi isitshela ukuthi umdlavuza usuhambile ngempela, awusitsheli ukuthi ubude noma bukhulu kangakanani izicubu kungenzeka noma zingabi khona.
Ngenxa yalokhu, sisebenzisa uhlelo okuthiwa yi-TNM ehlola isimo ezifana nokukhula kwe-tumor (T), ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node (N), kanye ne-metastasis (M). Uhlelo luhle kakhulu ukululawula njengoba lulawulwa umthetho owodwa olula: ukuphakama kwenombolo noma incwadi, isifo esithuthukisiwe kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelene ne-metastasis (M) , siyifaka njengesinye sezinto ezimbili:
- I-M1a , okusho ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze endaweni eyodwa
- I-M1b , okusho ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze ezingeni elilodwa
Ngenkathi i-M1b ibonakala iyona ndlela ebi kunazo zonke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akukho M1a noma iM1b esitshela izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-tumor yangempela ikhulile ngodonga lwekoloni noma i-rectum, noma ngabe i-lymph nodes ithintekile noma cha.
Ukuhlukanisa ukuhlukumeza nokubandakanywa kwe-Lymph Node
Kokubili ukuzibandakanya kwe-tumor kanye ne-lymph node kubalulekile ekusizeni ukuthi sihlolisise umphumela (ukubikezelwa) kwesifo nokuthi yiziphi izinketho zokwelapha ezingasithola.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-tumor kucacisa ukuthi ubude bokuqala bukhula kangakanani, uma kunjalo, ngaphesheya kwekolon noma i-rectum.
Ngokuphambene, i-lymph nodes (enye yezinhlelo zokuhlunga kwegazi lethu) lisitshela indlela umdlavuza ongase usakaze ngayo noma ungazange usakaze ngayo.
Ngokwe-tumor yokuqala (T) , sichaza ukukhula ku-T1 kuya ku-T4:
- I-T1 isho ukuthi lesi sifo siye sangena emgqeni we-mucosal we-colon noma i-rectum kodwa hhayi umsizi.
- I-T2 isho ukuthi i-tumor igxile emgqeni we-mucosal futhi ifinyelela emgqeni wangaphandle we-muscle.
- I-T3 isho ukuthi manje idlulela ngaphezu kwe-muscle kuya kwesinye esingenhla kodwa ayizange ingene kuyo.
- I-T4a isho ukuthi ifinyelele ikolon noma i-rectum kodwa ayizange ifakwe amathambo noma izitho eziseduze.
- I-T4b isho ukuthi ifinyelele ikolon noma i-rectum futhi ifakwe amathambo noma izitho eziseduze.
Ngokuphathelene nokubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node (N) , sihlukanisa ngalolu hlobo phakathi kuka-N0 no-N3:
- I-N0 isho ukuthi akukho mdlavuza ezithombeni eziseduze.
- I-N1 isho ukuthi umdlavuza ungomunye we-lymph node eseduze (N1a), amabili kuya kwesithathu ama-lymph node eseduze (N1b), noma ayikho i-lymph nodes eseduze kodwa kunama-fat cell cells (N1c).
- I-N2 isho ukuthi umdlavuza cishe ku-4 kuya kweyisithupha eziseduze lymph nodes (N2a) noma ama-lymph nodes ayisikhombisa noma ngaphezulu (N2b) eseduze.
Ukufaka Isiteji se-4 Colorectal Cancer
Uma i-oncologist yakho ikwazi ukuhlanganisa zonke lezi zigaba ezihlukahlukene - "T," i- "N," ne "M" - angenza isigaba lesi sifo.
Ngokwesigaba sesi-4 somdlavuza obala, lokhu kusishiya ngenye yezinketho ezimbili:
- Isigaba 4a sisho ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze kusukela kolononi noma u-rectum kuya kwesinye isilwane noma isethi esivele yama-lymph nodes.
- Isigaba 4b sisho ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze ngaphezu kwesinye isitho, isethi esikude sama-lymph nodes, noma ibhande lesikhumba esiswini.
Ibalazwe Lomgwaqo Ngemva kokumisa
Ngenkathi isiteji sinikeza ulwazi oluningi, asisho lutho olulodwa nento eyodwa yodwa. Akusho, isibonelo, ukusitshela ukuthi i-tumor yangempela yayinkulu kangakanani-uma yayingumuthi womnqumo noma ubukhulu be-grapefruit. Akufanele siphakamise ukuthi ukuba nama-lymph nodes ayisikhombisa ashintshwe kabi kakhulu kunamane.
Ekugcineni, icala ngalinye lihlukile, futhi isiteji sinikeza nje ibalazwe lomgwaqo jikelele odweba phambili. Cabanga nje ngokuba nekhampasi okusikhomba endleleni efanele.
Kuye ngezici zakho, isigaba somdlavuza wesi-4 esingahle singabandakanya ukuthengiswa okuhlinzekwayo (ukukhipha indawo yekoloni yomdlavuza kanye nokuqeda kabusha iziphetho eziphilile). I-chemotherapy kanye / noma imisebe ibuye ivame ngokwendlela yokubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node.
Ngaphandle kokulinda kwesikhathi sokuphila, izinto eziningi zingathonya amazinga okusinda. Indawo yokudumala, ubukhulu be-tumor, ubudala bomuntu, impilo ejwayelekile, ngisho nezinto ezifana nokufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kanye nesimo sengqondo ngabanye sidlala indima ekunqumeni ukuthi umuntu angaphila isikhathi eside kangakanani .
Ngokuvamile, umuntu onesifo somdlavuza wesigaba esine-sigaba esine-sigaba esine-athile esiphezulu kwesinye isikhathi esiyisikhombisa sokusinda eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule, kanti ezinye zidlula ngalesi sibalo. Lokho okusikushoyo ukuthi lesi sifo somdlavuza wesigaba 4, noma kunjalo esibuhlungu, asikwazi ukubhekwa njengesigwebo sokufa. Ekugcineni, isici esisodwa esihlukanisa umdlavuza wakho kubo bonke abanye nguwe . Wena nawe wedwa.
Ngakho okubalulekile lokhu: ungavumeli isigaba sesifo ukuthi sikuvimbe. Thola ukwesekwa futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuzigcina uziphilile futhi uqine noma yiziphi izinketho zokwelapha ozibhekana nazo. Thatha isinyathelo esisodwa ngesikhathi.
> Umthombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. "Izigaba zeCrorectal Cancer". I-Atlanta, Georgia; ibuyekeziwe ngoMashi 2, 2017.