I-Colon Cancer inezinyathelo ezinhlanu, ezinezinkinga ezahlukeneyo zokwelapha Ngamunye
Abantu abanesifo sofuba esiswini (IBD) basengozini enkulu yokwenza umdlavuza we-colorectal. Ngenkathi amagciwane e-colon nama-rectal aphakathi kwezidakamizwa ezivinjelwa kakhulu, azivame ukutholakala uma izimpawu zibonakala noma ziphazamisa. Ngaleso sikhathi, umdlavuza wekoloni ungaba sesiteji esiphezulu kakhulu.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, iningi labantu abane-IBD ngeke lihlakulele umdlavuza obala.
Ukukhipha ama-polyps ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy yendlela evamile kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela umdlavuza we-colon. Ukubona i-gastroenterologist njalo futhi ukuthola i-colonoscopy ngesikhathi esimisiwe (ngezinye izikhathi kabili ngonyaka, unyaka ngamunye, noma njalo eminyakeni emibili) kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela umdlavuza we-colorectal. Uma unenkinga mayelana nomngcingo wakho womdlavuza wekoloni nokuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani, khuluma nodokotela wakho we-gastroenterologist noma udokotela wakho ohlinzayo mayelana nokuhlola nokuvimbela umdlavuza.
Umdlavuza we-Colorectal unezigaba ezine ezihlukene, kanye nesigaba sesihlanu esibizwa ngokuthi "okuphindaphindiwe." Isigaba ngasinye sinezinketho ezahlukene zokwelapha kanye namanani amahlanu okusinda . Izigaba kanye nezingxenye ezingezansi zivela ku-American Joint Committee eKhansela (AJCC) uhlelo lwesiteji, okungase kuthiwa uhlelo lwe-TNM.
Isigaba 0 (I-Carcinoma In Situ)
Lesi yisigaba sokuqala somdlavuza wokubala. Umdlavuza uhilela kuphela uhlaka, noma i-mucosa, ye-colon noma i-rectum futhi ivaliwe kuma- polyp (s) (izicubu ezinobuningi obuvela ebusweni bomzimba).
Lapho ama-polyps esuswa ngesikhathi se- colonoscopy (inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-polypectomy), ithuba lokuqhubekela phambili emagcekeni kamuva omdlavuza luqedwa.
Isigaba I
Umdlavuza we-colon I-colon uhilela okungaphezulu nje kokufaka ngaphakathi kwekoloni. I-polyp iqhubekele phambili, futhi idluliselwa odongeni lwekolon noma i-rectum.
Ukwelashwa kungabandakanya ukuhlinzeka ukukhipha isigaba sekhaloni enomdlavuza. Lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa lubizwa ngokuthi i- resection . Izigaba ezinempilo, ezingenayo umdlavuza wekhaloni ziphinde zixhunywe kabusha. Isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu yokusinda singamaphesenti angu-95.
Isigaba II
Umdlavuza we-Stage II umbala lapho umdlavuza usakaze ngaphesheya kwekoloni kuya kwezicubu ezizungezile ikoloni kodwa azange zisakaze kuma-lymph nodes. I-Cancer isakazeka ngalendlela kusuka kwenye ingxenye yomzimba kuya komunye ibizwa ngokuthi i-metastasis. Ukuhlinzekwa kokuthengiswa kwempahla kungasetshenziselwa ukuphatha lesi sigaba somdlavuza. Isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda komdlavuza we-Stage II ngamaphesenti angama-60.
Umdlavuza we-stage II we-Stage II uhlukaniswe ngokwengeziwe ku-IIA, i-IIB, ne-IIC:
- Isiteji IIA. Umdlavuza usukhule ngendwangu yesisindo kodonga lwamakoloni kodwa awuzange uphume ngaphandle kwekoloni.
- Isiteji IIB. Umdlavuza ukhulile ngendwangu engaphandle kwodonga lwamakoloni kodwa awuzange uphume ngaphandle kwekoloni.
- I-Stage IIC. Umdlavuza ukhulile ngendwangu engaphandle kwendonga yamakoloni futhi ube nezicubu eziseduze.
Isigaba III
I-Cancer eye yasakazeka ngaphandle kwekoloni futhi iya kuma-lymph nodes endaweni ezungeze ikholoni ibizwa ngokuthi iSiteji III. Kulesi sigaba, umdlavuza awusakazeki kwezinye izitho emzimbeni, futhi ukwelashwa kunonya kakhulu.
Ukuvuselelwa kokuhlinzwa kwekoloni, i- chemotherapy , kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa kungadingeka. Inani leminyaka emihlanu lokusinda liyingxenye engama-35 kuya kwangu-60.
Umdlavuza we-stage III we-Stage III uhlukaniswa ngokwengeziwe ku-IIIA, IIIB, naku-IIIC:
- Isigaba IIIA. Lesi sigaba singachaza esinye sezimo ezimbili: 1) umdlavuza ungaphakathi kwezendlalelo zangaphakathi nangaphakathi phakathi kodonga lwamakholoni; kungenzeka ukuthi isakaze emgqeni wesisindo; futhi kuthinta phakathi kwe-lymph nodes amathathu noma ama-tissue amafutha eduze kwe-lymph node noma 2) umdlavuza ungaphakathi kwezingqimba zangaphakathi nendawo eziphakathi kodonga lwamakoloni futhi kuthinta phakathi kwama-lymph nodes ayisithupha nesithupha.
- Isigaba IIIB. Lesi sigaba singachaza esinye sezimo ezintathu: 1) umdlavuza ungaphansi kwazo zonke izingqimba zodonga lwamakoloni futhi uthinta phakathi kwe-lymph nodes amathathu noma 2) umdlavuza ungangqimba lomzimba kanye / noma ungqimba lwangaphandle lwodonga lwamakholoni futhi kuthinta phakathi kwama-lymph nodes amane noma ayisithupha noma 3) umdlavuza ungaphakathi kwezingxenye zangaphakathi nendawo eziphakathi kwodonga lwamakoloni, kungenzeka ukuthi lube ngqimba lomzimba, futhi luthinta ama-lymph nodes ayisikhombisa noma ngaphezulu.
- Isigaba IIIC. Lesi sigaba singachaza esinye sezimo ezintathu: 1) umdlavuza ungaphansi kwazo zonke izingqimba zodonga lwamakoloni futhi uthinta phakathi kwama-lymph nodes amane noma ayisithupha noma 2) umdlavuza ungangqimba lomzimba kanye / noma ungqimba lwangaphandle lwodonga lwamakoloni futhi kuthinta ama-lymph nodes ayisikhombisa noma ngaphezulu noma 3) umdlavuza ukhona kuzo zonke izingxenye zodonga lwamakoloni, usakaze ezithombeni eziseduze, futhi ungathinta ama-lymph nodes noma izicubu ezinamafutha eduze kwama-lymph nodes.
Isigaba IV
Kulesi sigaba, umdlavuza wawusakazekele kwezinye izitho emzimbeni njengamaphaphu, ama-ovari, noma isibindi. Ngaphandle kokuthengiswa okuhlinzekwayo kanye ne-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa kwemisebe kanye nokuhlinzwa ukukhipha ezinye izingxenye ezithintekayo zomzimba kungadingeka. Kulesi sigaba, kunamathuba amaphesenti amathathu kuphela okufinyelela uphawu lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu.
Umdlavuza wegciwane lesiteji se-Stage IV uhlukaniswa ngokwengeziwe ku-IVA ne-IVB:
- Isigaba IVA. Kulesi sigaba umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi udabula udonga lwamakholoni, okungenzeka uthinte izakhi zamakhansela eziseduzane noma izitho, futhi usakaze esithombeni esisodwa esiseduze nekoloni.
- Isigaba IVB. Kulesi sigaba umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi udlule udonga lwamakholoni, okungenzeka uthinte ama-lymph nodes noma izitho eziseduzane, futhi usakazeke ezingxenyeni ezingaphezu kwesinye esingesondelene nekoloni noma udonga lwesisu.
I-Cancer ejwayelekile
I-Cancer ebuyela emuva ngemuva kokwelapha, noma ekhoneni, noma kwenye ingxenye yomzimba, ibizwa ngokuthi iphindaphinda. Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa ngokuphumelelayo komdlavuza wekolon, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kudingekile ukubamba umdlavuza ophindaphindiwe ekuqaleni.
Ekuqaleni, umdlavuza wekoloni ungenye yezinto eziphilayo ezinomdlavuza kakhulu. Esikhathini esilandelayo - kuyesibili okubulalayo kakhulu. Umdlavuza weColon iyimbangela yesibili yokufa komdlavuza eMelika (umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngowokuqala). Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, kuphela amaphesenti angu-15 weziguli zomdlavuza we-colon kufanele abe ne- colostomy engunaphakade.
Ukuvimbela
Sicela ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinto zakho ezingozini zomdlavuza wekoloni, futhi uhlolwe uma kufanelekile. Abantu abane-IBD bangengozi enkulu, kodwa ukukhathalela njalo i-IBD ku-gastroenterologist nokugcina ama-colonoscopy aphoyintimenti kuzohamba ngendlela ende ekukhipheni noma yiziphi izintambo kanye nokugcina iso kulokho okwenzeka kukholoni. Wonke umuntu oneminyaka engama-50 kufanele ahlolwe umdlavuza we-colorectal. Okunye ukunganaki nokuhlazeka ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy kuyinani elincane lokukhokha impilo yakho.
Imithombo:
I-National Cancer Institute. "Izigaba zeCaron Cancer." I-Institutes National Health ye-US. 16 Meyi 2013.
I-American Cancer Society. "Kanjani I-Cancer Corolorectal Isungulwe?" American Cancer Society, Inc. Jul 30 2013.