Ngokwesibalo, Zingaki Izithulu Noma Zinzima Ukuzwa?
Q: Yiziphi izimfihlakalo ezinkulu kakhulu ezithulu nasemphakathini onzima wokuzwa we-United States (nezwe)?
A: Bangaki kithi abakhona. Akekho owazi ngempela. Kukhona izibalo ezithile zabantu abatholakalayo, kodwa ziphelelwa yisikhathi noma ezingathembeki ngoba abanye abantu bangase bangafisi ukuzitshela ukuthi banokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe, noma amafomu ombuzo angeke abuze ngokuqondile uma umuntu elahlekelwa ukuzwa.
Inani labantu abalinganiselwayo liye lalinganiselwa ku-22 million abayizithulu futhi abanzima ukuzwa kuze kube yizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-36 nezithulu zokuzwa. Kulezi, izigidi ezimbalwa kuphela zibhekwa ngokuthi "izithulu" futhi okusele kunzima ukuzwa. Izibalo eziqhubekayo zokuthungwa yiqiniso ukuthi abanye abantu "abayizithulu" bangase babe nzima ukuzwa, kanti abanye "abantu abanzima ukuzwa" bangase babe yizithulu. Ngokuqinisekile kukhona okwanele kithi ngokulahlekelwa kokuzwa ukuthi izinkampani zibona amandla okuthenga okungenzeka okuyingxenye enkulu yomphakathi.
Izibalo zigcinwa ngokuyinhloko yizinhlangano ezimbili ze-Federal: I-National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) engaphansi kweCenters for Disease Control (CDC), kanye ne-US Census Bureau. Ngokusho kwe-NCHS, kusukela ngo-1994 izigidi ezingama-4,5 zaseMelika - amaphesenti amancane enani eliphelele ngokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe - basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokusiza ukusiza ukubhekana nokukhubazeka kokuzwa.
Kulezi, idivayisi evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukusiza ukuzwa, futhi "idivayisi" evamile kakhulu iyisihumushi.
Ngenkathi abantu abaningi abanokuzwa ukulalelwa ngabantu asebekhulile abaye balahlekelwa ukuzwa ngeminyaka, cishe abangu-12 kubantu abayi-1 000 abanokukhubazeka kokuzwa baneminyaka engaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala, ngokususelwa kwizibalo ze-NCHS zamuva kakhulu.
Lokho kusho ukuthi amathuba amnandi kakhulu ukuthi okungenani umfundi oyedwa esikoleni somntanakho uzolahlekelwa ukuzwa.
I-Census Bureau inikeza izibalo zabantu mayelana nokukhubazeka kanye nomsebenzi, othathwe ku-Survey of Income and Participation Program (ukubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zosizo lomphakathi). Leyo datha inezinombolo kuphela ezinkulungwaneni, kunezigidi. Enye indlela ethakazelisayo evela kulolu datha lwedatha yukuthi abantu abanokulahlekelwa okuncane kakhulu kokulalelwa kungenzeka basebenze kunelabo abanokukhubazeka okunzima kakhulu kokuzwa.
I-Gallaudet Research Institute nayo inikeza ezinye izibalo zayo kanye nezinye izinsiza, ngokusebenzisa isitifiketi salo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohulumeni bakahulumeni bangase balondoloze izibalo zabo zokusabalalisa ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe kuhulumeni. Isibonelo, iKhomishana yase-Arizona yeZizwe eziThuthekile kanye neHack of Hearing iye yalinganisa emphakathini we-d / hoh wombuso.
Izixhumanisi:
- Izibalo ze-NCHS zokukhubazeka
- I-Census Bureau: Idatha yokukhubazeka nokuqashwa (i-Adobe PDF File)