Isifo sika-Parkinson senzeke lapho amaseli athile omzimba (okuthiwa i-neurons) ayingxenye ethile yobuchopho bakho ayeke ukusebenza kahle noma afe. Lezi neurons zivame ukhiqiza ikhemikhali ebalulekile yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuthi i-dopamine, esiza ukulawula umsebenzi we-muscle.
Uma ungenayo i-dopamine eyanele ngoba lawa ne-neurons awubhiqizi, awukwazi ukuqondisa noma ukulawula ukunyakaza kwakho kwemisipha ngokuvamile.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indawo yobuchopho bakho ebeka lezi zineurons zokwenza i-dopamine (isifunda sobuchopho esibizwa ngokuthi i-substantia nigra) asikwazi ukudlulisela amasignali kulowo obizwa ngokuthi "isiteshi esivela emuva" sobuchopho, i-corpus striatum.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi iziguli zika-Parkinson zilahlekelwe ngamaphesenti angama-80 noma ngaphezulu kwamaseli okukhiqiza i-dopamine ku-substantia nigra. Ukuntuleka kwe-dopamine kuholela ekunyameni okunamandla, okuqinile okutholakala esifweni sikaParkinson.
Yini Ebangelwa Ukulahlekelwa Kwe-Dopamine ku-Parkinson?
Ososayensi abazi ukuthi kungani amangqamuzana ebuchopho e-substantia nigra engxenyeni yobuchopho bakho ayeke ukwenza i-dopamine, kodwa kunezinkolelo eziningana.
I-Genetics ingadlala indima kwezinye izifo zesifo sikaParkinson. Abangu-15% kuya ku-25% kulabo abatholwa ne-Parkinson nabo banesihlobo esinesimo, esibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuxhumanisa izakhi zofuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo ezithile zesifo sika-Parkinson esisebenza emindenini, kanti ezinye zegciwane ezihilelekile ziye zabonakala.
Kodwa abantu abaningi abanesifo sikaParkinson abonakala bengenawo umlando womndeni oqinile wesimo, ngakho-ke abacwaningi babheka kwenye indawo ngenxa yeso simo.
Izinkolelo Zimbangela Yomsusa
Enye imibono ehilela imbangela yesifo sika-Parkinson - ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana omzimba okwenza i-dopamine - igcina ukuthi amangqamuzana abonakaliswe ngenxa ye-ree radicals emzimbeni.
Ama-radicals amahhala azinzile, ama-molecule angabangela ukulimala okwenziwe ngamakhemikhali evamile emzimbeni.
Ama-radicals amahhala asabela ngama-molecule angomakhelwane (ikakhulukazi izinsimbi ezifana nensimbi) enqubo ebizwa nge-oxidation. Ukucubungula kucatshangelwa ukuthi kubangele ukulimala kwezicubu, kuhlanganise ne-neurons. Ngokuvamile, umonakalo omkhulu wamahhala ugcinwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa yi-antioxidants, amakhemikhali avikela amangqamuzana kulo monakalo.
Iziguli ezinesifo sikaParkinson zitholiwe ukuthi zanda amazinga obuchopho bensimbi, ikakhulukazi ku-substantia nigra, futhi amazinga e-ferritin, aphethwe emzimbeni ozungeza insimbi futhi ehlukanisa, ngaleyo ndlela evikela izicubu zomzimba kuwo.
Enye inkolelo ihilela izibulala-zinambuzane nezinye izidakamizwa. Abanye ososayensi baye basikisela ukuthi isifo sikaParkinson singase senzeke uma isifo esikuyo imvelo sibhubhisa ama-neurons enza i-dopamine. Kukhona inani lezinyosi (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6, -tetrahydropyridine, noma i-MPTP, enye) engabangela izimpawu zesifo sika-Parkinson.
Kuze kube manje, akukho cwaningo olunikeze ubufakazi obuqinile bokuthi i-toxin iyimbangela yalesi sifo.
Kodwa enye inkolelo iphakamisa ukuthi isifo sika-Parkinson senzeke lapho, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, ukujwayelekile, okuhlobene nobudala ekugqokeni i-dopamine-neurons ekhuphuka kubantu abathile.
Le mbono isekelwe umqondo wokuthi kancane kancane silahlekelwa izindlela ezivikela ama-neurons ethu njengoba sikhula.
Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inhlanganisela yalezi zindlela ezine - umonakalo oxidative , i-toxins yezemvelo, ukuguqula izakhi zofuzo, nokuguga - kungase kuboniswe ukuthi kubangele isifo.
Imithombo:
I-Parkinson's Disease Foundation. Kubangela ishidi leshidi.
I-Parkinson's Disease Foundation. Izinto Zemvelo Ne-Parkinson: Yini Esiyifunde? i-fact sheet.