Ukunquma uhlobo lwe-lemonemic acute (myelogenous leukemia ) (AML) othile ofana nokubeka ezinye izifo zomdlavuza, njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu noma webele. Ezikhathini ezinomdlavuza eziqinile njengalezi, ukulinganisa kubalulekile ukucacisa ubukhulu besifo, nokusiza ukuhlela ukwelashwa. Nokho, uma kwenzeka ukwelashwa i-leukemia , odokotela bayobheka amasampula amathisipha emashunini afisa ukuxoshwa kanye ne-biopsy ukuze banqume ukuthi i-myelogenous (noma i-myeloblastic) i-subypeia i-subtype, bese inquma izinyathelo ezilandelayo.
Yini Enquma Uhlobo Lwe-AML?
Wonke amangqamuzana egazi, afaka amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amaplatelet, namaseli egazi amhlophe, aqale njengendlela eyodwa ye-stem cell emnothweni wethambo . Amangqamuzana amancane ayenawo ikhono lokwenza ama-clots, athathe i-oksijeni, noma alwe nokutheleleka, kodwa ahlakulela noma avuthiwe abe amangqamuzana egazi asebenzayo asebenzayo.
Ama-stem cells akhula abe amangqamuzana egazi angasetshenzisiwe, abheka futhi enza kancane kancane njengeli "omdala" iseli ekugcineni azoba nesigaba ngasinye sokuthuthukiswa abahamba ngaso. Uma iseli legazi selivuthiwe ngokwanele ukuze lifeze indima yalo emzimbeni, likhishwa emnothweni wethambo kuze kube segazini, lapho lizohlala khona yonke impilo yalo.
Endabeni ye-leukemia enamandla , kune-overproduction nokukhululwa kwamaseli egazi angasetshenziswanga kakhulu. Amangqamuzana e-leukemia abe "anamathele" kwesinye isigaba sokuthuthukiswa, futhi ahlale engakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi aklanyelwe ukukwenza.
Izinhlobo zinqunywe yiziphi izitezi zokuthuthuka amaseli ayeke.
Kunezinhlelo ezimbili zokuhlukanisa ukukhomba i-AML subtypes - uhlelo lwesiFulentshi-American-British (FAB) kanye nesistimu yokuhlukanisa i-World Health Organization (WHO).
I-FAB yiyona ejwayelekile kakhulu esetshenziselwa. Ukuze uhlukanise i-AML usebenzisa lolu hlelo, odokotela bazobuka amangqamuzana e-leukemia ayithola ngesikhathi se- bone marrow biopsy .
Ngaphandle kokunquma ukuthi yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwamaseli, bayonquma nokuthi yiluhlobo luni lweseli okufanele babe yilo lapho bevuthiwe.
Ishadi elingezansi lichaza lolu hlelo ngokuningiliziwe.
Kungani I-AML I-Subtype Matter?
I-subtype yakho ye-AML isiza odokotela ukubikezela ukwelashwa, imiphumela, ukubikezelwa, nokuziphatha kwesifo sakho.
Isibonelo, abacwaningi bafunde ukuthi i-M0, M4, ne-M5 subtypes ihlotshaniswa nezinga eliphansi lokubuyisela futhi alutholi kancane ekulaleleni. Amaseli e-M4 kanye ne-M5 subtype leukemia nawo angase akwazi ukwenza ama-sarcomas ama-granulocytic (izilonda ezitholakala emathangeni athambile noma amathambo) futhi zisakaze ku- cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Ukwelashwa kufana ne-subtypes eminingi ye-acute leukemia ngaphandle kwe-APL (M3). Imithi ehlukene isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-APL, futhi ukubikezelwa kwesifo kunokuba ngcono kunezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia ezinzima.
Isistimu Yokuhlonza I-FAB
| I-Subtype | Igama le-Subtype | Ukuvama | Izici zeselula |
|---|---|---|---|
| M0 | I-Myeloblastic | 9- 12% | Amangqamuzana e-leukemia ahlanzekile kakhulu futhi akanalo izici zeseli okufanele zibe yilo. |
| I-M1 | I-AML ene-maturation encane | 16- 26% | Amaseli amancane ase-myeloid (noma ama-myeloblasts / "ukuqhuma") yilona uhlobo oluyinhloko lweseli emkhathini wesampula. |
| I-M2 | I-AML nokuvuthwa | 20-29% | Amasampula aqukethe eziningi ze-myeloblasts, kodwa bonisa ukuvuthwa okungaphezulu kune-M1 subtype. I-Myeloblast yisigaba sokugcina sokuthuthukiswa ngaphambi kokuba iseli elikhulile lenze iseli elimhlophe noma elibomvu, noma iplatelet |
| M3 | Promyelocytic (APL) | 1-6% | Amaseli e-leukemia asengakazalwa, phakathi kwesigaba se-myeloblast nesi-myelocyte. Kuncane kakhulu okuthuthukisiwe, kodwa kuqala ukubuka nokwenza okuningi njengeseli elimhlophe. |
| M4 | Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia | 16- 33% | Amangqamuzana e-leukemic ahlanganiswa nezinhlobo ze-granulocytic ne-monocytic cell. Amaseli e-leukemia abheka ngaphezulu kwamangqamuzana egazi elimhlophe kunesigaba esedlule, kodwa asengakafiki. |
| M5 | I-Acute Monocytic Leukemia | 9- 26% | Amangqamuzana angaphezu kuka-80% ayi-monocytes. Kungenzeka kube ngezigaba ezahlukene zokuvuthwa. |
| I-M6 | I-Erythroid ye-leukemia elula | 1-4% | Amaseli e-leukemic amangqamuzana amancane anezici zamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. |
| I-M7 | I-Megakaryocytic Leukemia enamandla | 0-2% | Amangqamuzana e-leukemic ahlanzekile nezici zamaplatelet. |
Okubalulekile
Ngoba amangqamuzana e-leukemia ayahamba ngokushesha kuwo wonke umzimba, izindlela zendabuko zomdlavuza wesiteleka azisebenzi. Esikhundleni salokho, odokotela babheka izici zomzimba kanye nezakhi zofuzo zamangqamuzana omnyoba wakho ukuze alinikeze ngaphansi kwe-subtype. Lawa ma-subtypes asiza odokotela ukuba banqume ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezokwelapha oluzosebenza kangcono kuwe futhi luzosiza ukubikezela imiphumela yomuthi wakho.
Imithombo
I-Aquino, i-V. "I-Acute Myelogenous Leukemia" Izinkinga Zanje Ezilwaneni Zesibili February 2002 32: 50-58.
Hillman, R. no-Ault, K. (2002) I-Acute Myeloid Leukemias. I-Hematology ku-Practice Clinical 3rd ed. ENew York McGraw- Hill.
I-Vardiman, J., Harris, N., noBrunning, R. "I-World Health Organisation (WHO) Ukuhlukaniswa Kwama-Myeloid Neoplasms." Igazi lika-Okthoba 2002 100: 2292- 2302.