Umbuzo: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi i-HIV iqhubeke nengculaza?
Impendulo: Kuzo zonke izimo ezimbalwa ezingavamile, uma zingashiywa zingelashwa, i-HIV izoqhubeka isigaba sokutheleleka esikubiza nge-AIDS. Yilapho izivikelo zokuzivikela ezithinteka ekuzivikeleni, futhi umzimba awukwazi ukuzivikela ngokumelene nezifo ezingasongela ukuphila.
Ngokuvamile, isikhathi esithatha ukusuka ekuthelelekeni kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kuya e-AIDS sekuyiminyaka engama-5-10 uma kungekho okwenziwe ngezokwelapha.
Ukwahlukana ngesikhathi kungenziwa ngenxa yezibalo eziningi, kufaka phakathi:
- Ukuhlukunyezwa kwegciwane lesandulela-ngculaza umuntu usulelekile (okunye okungahle kube okuncane kakhulu kunezinye )
- Impilo ejwayelekile yomuntu ngamunye
- Indawo lapho umuntu ehlala khona (kufaka phakathi ukufinyelela kwezempilo, izifo zezinye izifo noma izifo)
- Umlando womuntu noma umlando womndeni
- Ukubhema nezinye izinqumo zokuphila
Yilokho, uma umuntu engatholi ukwelashwa. Isithombe sishintsha ngokuphelele uma enza.
Kusukela ngo-1996, ukwethulwa kwemithi ye-antiretroviral kuye kwashintsha ngokuphawulekayo ukuqhubeka kwemvelo kwe-HIV. Ngenkathi i-HIV isengelapheki, abantu abasanda kutholakala ukuthi banesandulela-ngculazi abaphathwayo futhi bahlale benakekelwa kulindeleke ukuba banesisindo esivamile sokuphila okujwayelekile. Njengazinye izifo ezingelapheki, ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo sokukhomba nokuphatha lesi sifo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuqonda Izigaba ze-HIV Infection
Izigaba zokutheleleka kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu zihluka kancane, kokubili ngobukhulu kanye nesivinini sokuqhubekela phambili. Lezi zigaba zibala ukuthi ukuvimbela amasosha omzimba (okubizwa ngokuthi ama- CD4 T-cells ) njengoba ukuvikelwa komzimba kuqhubeka nokuhlambalaza. Ngenkambiso ngayinye, ingozi yezifo ezithathelanayo (i-OI) iyakhula kuze kuthiwa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sithinteka ngokuphelele.
Kule nkathi ukuthi ingozi yokugula nokufa iphezulu kakhulu.
Izigaba zokutheleleka zingahle zihlukaniswe kanje:
- Ukutheleleka okunamandla - isiteji lapho umzimba ulwa nokutheleleka okusha, ngokuvamile kubangela impendulo ephawulekayo, evuvukalayo ebizwa ngokuthi i- acute retrovirus syndrome (noma i-ARS) .
- Ukutheleleka okungapheli - emva kokutheleleka kokuqala kulawulwa yisimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, igciwane liyafihla emagodini omakhalekhukhwini , lingabonakali ngokuzivikela kwamagciwane. Lesi sigaba esingapheli (noma esingejwayelekile) sokutheleleka singahlala iminyaka ngisho namashumi eminyaka kwabanye abantu kuze kube yilapho isikhathi sokuthi amagciwane afihlekile aphinde avuselelwe (ngokuvamile lapho amasosha omzimba ehlehliswa ngokugcwele futhi eseceleni kwesigaba se-OI siqala).
- I-AIDS - isigaba esibizwa ngokuthi sinesimo esichazayo se- AIDS noma inani le-CD4 ngaphansi kwama-200 cells / mL.
Ukuxilongwa nge-AIDS akusho ukuthi lo muntu uzogula noma afe, nakuba amathuba okuba yiqiniso kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.
Akusho ukuthi umuntu angathuthukisa isimo lapho engasenayo i-AIDS ngesinye. Ngisho noma umuntu enesisindo se-CD4 ngaphansi kwezingqamuzana eziyi-100 / mL, ukuqaliswa kwemithi yokwelashwa kwemithi kungabuye kuvuselele ukusebenza komzimba, ngezikhathi ezithile kumazinga acatshangwa eduze-evamile kuya evamile.
Kodwa-ke, ithuba lokuthola imithi ephelele lokunciphisa umzimba liyancipha uma umuntu esalinde isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ukwelashwa kunikezwe ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-CD4 count, nokuthi umuntu uhlale enamathele ekwelapheni isikhathi sokuphila kwakhe.
Imithombo:
Amasevisi aseMelika okuLawula nokuvimbela izifo (CDC). "1993 Uhlelo Oluhlelwe Ukuhlelwa Kwesandulela-ngculazi kanye neKhuliswa Kwengqungquthela Yokubhekwa Kwengculaza Phakathi Kwabantwana Abasha kanye Nabantu abadala." Ukufa nokubika kweMasonto onke. Ngo-December 18, 1992; 41 (RR-17).
Djawe, K .; IBuchacz, K .; Hsu, L., et al. "Ingozi Yokufa Ngemva Kwengculazi-Ukuchaza Ukugula Okungavamile Phakathi Kwabantu Abathintekayo -San Francisco, ngo-1981-2012." I-Journal of Infectious Diseases. Ngo-Juni 3, 2015; 212 (9): 1366-1375.