I-leukemia esebenzayo i-lymphocytic (YONKE) yilona uhlobo lwe-leukemia oluthinta kakhulu izingane, nakuba lungathinta abantu abadala. Kubizwa nangokuthi i-lymphoblastic noma i-lymphoid leukemia elula. ZONKE zithinta i-lymphocyte engapheli-uhlobo lwegazi elimhlophe elibizwa ngokuthi ukuqhuma.
Sibutsetelo
YONKE ingumdlavuza ovame kakhulu kubantwana, obhekene namaphesenti angama-25 okudla komdlavuza wezingane.
Abantu abangaba ngu-7 000 bahlakulela YONKE unyaka ngamunye nabangu-1 500 abafa, nakuba cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zalabo abafa ngabantu abadala.
Lesi sifo sithuthuka ngokushesha futhi sibonakala ngenani elikhulu lamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe egazini egazini nasomnothweni wethambo. Ngesikhathi esidlule lokhu kwakuyisifo esibulalayo ngokushesha, manje sisinda kakhulu nge- chemotherapy .
Incazelo enjalo yokuba kokubili enobudlova futhi iyasinda ngesikhathi esifanayo ingabadideka kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ufunda incwadi yezokwelapha endala echaza wonke umuntu njengomdlavuza ohlukumeza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kungasiza ukucabanga ukuthi i-chemotherapy isebenza kanjani, ngokuhlasela amangqamuzana ahlukana kakhulu.
Esikhathini esinezidakamizwa ezinhle kakhulu ze-chemotherapy, ukuba nomdlavuza othukuthele kungase kubhekwe ngokuthi "kungcono," okungenani ekuqapheliseni ukuthi sinendlela yokuphatha lesi sifo ngokufutheka.
Izitholampilo ezikhula kancane, ngokuphambene, zingenakuphulukiswa nge-chemotherapy. Futhi ngenkathi lomdlavuza, ngeshwa, kwenzeka ezinganeni, izingane zivame ukwenza kangcono kakhulu kunabantu abadala abanesifo.
Yini Lymphoblasts?
I-Lymphoblasts ifomu elincane lomhlobo wegazi elimhlophe elibizwa ngokuthi i-lymphocytes.
Emnothweni wethambo, inqubo okuthiwa i-hematopoiesis yenzeke, okuyisisekelo esho ukuthi kwakhiwa amangqamuzana ethu omzimba namasosha.
Le nqubo iqala nge-hematopoietic stem cell engakwazi ukuguquka noma ilayini le-myeloid (eliba yiluhlobo lwegazi elimhlophe elibizwa ngokuthi i-granulocyte, i-red cell cell, noma platelet) noma umugqa lymphoid. I-lymphoblast "ingane" kule nqubo. Ama-lymphoblast angaqhubeka abe yi-T lymphocytes (T cells), i-lymphocytes B (amaseli B), noma i-Natural Killer Cells (NK cells.)
Izimbangela
Ayaziwa ukuthi yini ebangela konke, kodwa izici ezingozini zingafaka:
- Ezinye izimo zofuzo, njenge- Down syndrome
- Ezinye izinguquko ze-chromosomal noma izakhi zofuzo
- Ukuveza izinto, ezifana ne-benzene
- E-utero (ukubeletha kokubeletha) kuma-x-ray
- Ukuboniswa kokwelashwa komdlavuza, kuhlanganise nokwelashwa kwama-radiation kanye ne-chemotherapy
Izimpawu
Njengoba i-lymphoblast "ihlala" emnothweni wamathambo , zonke izinhlobo zamangqamuzana egazi kuhlanganise amaseli egazi amhlophe, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, nama platelet angathinteka. Amaseli amhlophe egazi akhiqizwa-ngisho noma angaphezu kokuvamile-angasebenzi futhi avamile futhi ngokuvamile kunomthelela wezinye izinhlobo zamaseli amhlophe egazi, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu namaplatelet.
Izimpawu zingafaka:
- Ukukhathala nokubuthakathaka
- Pallor
- Umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane wemvelaphi engaziwa ezinganeni) noma ukuthuma ebusuku
- Ukutheleleka okuvamile (lokhu kungaba nzima ukunquma ezinganeni ezivame ukuthola izifo eziningana minyaka yonke)
- Ukuthuka
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
- Nciphisa isifiso sokudla nesisindo
- I-Petechiae (izindawo zesikhumba ezibonakala zibomvu futhi zingapheli lapho ubeka ukucindezela esikhumbeni-ungagcini)
- Ubuhlungu be-Bone ne-joint, ikakhulukazi emathanjeni amade
- Ama-lymph nodes akhulisiwe angenazintambo entanyeni, ama-armpits no-groin
- Ukuthambekela kwesisu esisenhla noma kwesokunxele, ngaphansi kwezimbambo
Ukuxilongwa
KONKE ngokuvamile ukusola ngokususelwa ekubaleni kwe-white cell count ngenani elikhudlwana lama-lymphocyte amancane.
Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo okwenziwa kwinqubo yokuxilonga kungabandakanya:
- Ukuhlolwa okuningi kwegazi
- I-bone yomnkantsha i-biopsy
- Ukucubungula ukuhlolwa ukubheka izicubu, ikakhulukazi esiswini, esifubeni, noma emthonjeni womgogodla
- Ukukhishwa kwe-Lumbar ( ithopho lomgogodla lenzelwe ukubheka ukutholakala kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza ku-cerebrospinal fluid)
Ukwelapha
Kungaba usizo ukuqonda ngokushesha ukuthi, ngokungafani namanye amakhemikhali, i-chemotherapy ye-KONKE ivame ukwenza okungaphezu kwenkathi yeminyaka embalwa, kunamaviki ambalwa.
Ukwelashwa kwe-KONKE kungahle kuphulwe ngaphansi kwezigaba ezilandelayo, kodwa ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi i-chemotherapy eqinile (ukuguqulwa kwamagciwane e-stem kanye nokwelashwa kwemisebe ngezinye izikhathi kuyingxenye yokwelashwa kanye):
- Ukwelashwa kwe-induction (ukungeniswa kwe-remission) -Konke uma kutholakala ukuthi, isinyathelo sokuqala ukunciphisa isibalo sokuqhuma nokubuyisela ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli avamile emnothweni wethambo. Lokhu kuhilela i-chemotherapy enobudlova futhi ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa njengogulayo. Uma lesi sinyathelo siphelile, othile onabo bonke uvame ukuxolelwa.
- Ukuhlanganiswa -Isinyathelo esilandelayo (okubhekwa njengenye yezinyathelo ekuthathweni kwe-post-induction) "ukuhlanza" noma yiliphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza "asele ngaphezulu" ngemuva kokwelashwa kokungeniswa.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-Maintenance -Ngisho nangemva kwalesi sifo umdlavuza usuphelile, futhi ukwelashwa okunye kuye kwaqeda noma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza , kunomkhuba wokubuyela emuva ngaphandle kokwelapha okunye. Ukwelashwa kwe-Maintenance yakhelwe ukuvimbela ukuphindaphinda kwe-leukemia futhi kubangele ukusinda isikhathi eside.
- Ukwelashwa / ukwelashwa kwe-CNS -Uma wonke umuntu ekhona emthonjeni we-cerebrospinal, i- intrathecal chemotherapy ivame ukwenza, ngoba imithi eminingi ye-chemotherapy ayihambisani ne- blood-brain barrier. Kubantwana abaningi nabantu abadala abangenalo ukubandakanyeka kwe-CNS, ukwelashwa (okufaka lokhu kanye nokwelashwa kwemithi okungenzeka mhlawumbe) kwenziwa ukuvimbela umdlavuza ekuboniseni noma okuphindaphindiwe ebuchosheni.
Isibikezelo sezingane singcono kakhulu kunabantu abadala KONKE. Njengamanje, amaphesenti angaba ngu-95 wezingane azuza ukukhululwa kanye namaphesenti angu-80 ezingane azoqhubeka nokuhlala isikhathi eside nesifo.
Ukusekela nokuphikisana
Izikhathi eziningi ingane ihlangabezana NONKE, ngakho ukusekela kudinga ukuqondiswa kokubili izingane ezihlala NONKE nabazali bazo. Funda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesifo. Finyelela usizo. Ukwelapha i-leukemia kungumqhudelwano kunokuba ube ne-sprint futhi kungasiza ukuvumela abanye abantu abanikeza usizo bazi ukuthi awudingi ngaso leso sikhathi, kodwa ukuze uthabise usizo uma isikhathi siqhubeka.
Ukusekela izingane ezinomdlavuza kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule kanti ngisho namakamu abantwana abhekene nalesi sifo manje ekhona ezweni lonke. Lezi makamu zisiza izingane zizwe sengathi azilahleki kulokho oontanga abangenawo umdlavuza abajabulelayo.