I-leukemia uhlobo lomdlavuza oluthinta umongo wegazi kanye negazi. UMarrow yizicubu ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwezikhala ezingenalutho zamathambo akho lapho kutholakala "i-hematopoiesis" noma ukubunjwa kwamangqamuzana egazi.
Izinhlobo ezine
Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko ze-leukemia:
- I-Myelogenous enamandla (noma i-myeloid) i-Leukemia (AML)
- I-Lymphocytic (noma i-lymphoblastic) ye-Leukemia (YONKE)
- I-Myelogenous Chronic (noma i-myeloid) i-Leukemia (i-CML)
- I-Lymphocytic (noma i-lymphoblastic) i-Leukemia (CLL)
Nakuba lezi zinhlobo ezine ze-leukemia zinezethulo ezahlukene kanye nokwelapha okuhlukile, zonke ziqala esitokisini emnothweni wethambo.
Lymphocytic vs. Myelogenous
I-leukemia ibizwa ngokuthi "i-lymphocytic" noma "i-lymphoblastic" uma ushintsho lomdlavuza luqala ngohlobo lomrhala weselula olwenza i-lymphocytes, oluhlobo lwamaselula omhlophe. I-leukemia ibizwa ngokuthi "myelogenous" noma "myeloid" uma ushintsho lomdlavuza luqala ngohlobo lwamathambo ekhanda, lapho liphilile, liqhubeka nokwenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amaplatelets, nezinye izinhlobo zamaseli ezimhlophe.
I-Acute Leukemia
Ama-leucemas aphezulu avela emangqamuzaneni amancane "aqhuma" amancane, ama-myeloblasts noma i-lymphoblasts. Lawa maseli we-leukemia ayenamandla futhi awasebenzi njengamaseli avamile. Baxosha amangqamuzana avamile emnothweni wethambo, okubangela ukwehla kwenani lamaseli avamile ajwayelekile okwenziwa emnkantso. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, i-leukemia ephakeme izoqhubeka ngokushesha.
I-Leukemia engapheliyo
I-leukemias engapheli inezinhlamvu ezincane noma ezingekho "eziqhumayo" futhi ngokuvamile ziyaqhubeka kancane kancane kunama-leukemi. Isilonda esingapheli se-myelogenous (CML) esenza amangqamuzana egazi asebenze cishe ngokwejwayelekile, kodwa ukubala sekuphakeme kakhulu kangangokuthi baxosha ukukhiqizwa kwamanye amaseli afana namaseli obomvu.
E-lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) engavamile, ama-lymphocyte amaningi angasebenzi ayenziwa. Lawa maseli angavamile ashintsha futhi aphazamise umsebenzi we-lymphocyte evamile emnkantsheni nasemacilini amancane futhi ancipha amandla omzimba omzimba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kokubili i-CML ne-CLL inokukwazi ukuguqula ibe yi-leukemias enonya.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Njengezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza, isizathu esiqondile sokuvuza i-leukemia asiyazi. Abantu abaningi abanezingozi ezingasoze bahlakulele lesi sifo, futhi ezinye iziguli ze-leukemia azikho izingozi ezaziwa. Ku-AML, ezinye izinto ezibeka ingozi ziye zaqanjwa futhi zihlanganisa:
- I-Down Syndrome nezinye izifo zofuzo
- Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili nge-chemotherapy
- Ukwehliswa okungapheli kwamakhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi "benzenes" kumazinga angaphephile
- Ukubhema
- Ukuvezwa kwemisebe, kufaka phakathi imisebe yokuphatha ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza
Izifundo zokunquma imbangela kanye nezingozi zokuthuthukisa ezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia ziyaqhubeka.
Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso
Izimpawu nezimpawu ukuthi umuntu onama-acute leukemia avela imiphumela yezinombolo eziphansi zamaseli abomvu abomvu (noma amangqamuzana ephethe oksijini), amaplatelet (asiza ekubunjweni kwegazi), namaseli amhlophe egazi (okusiza ukuvimbela ukutheleleka) Umnkantsha ogulayo uyakwazi ukukhiqiza.
Izimpawu ze-leukemia ezinamandla zingabandakanya:
- Ukuzwa ukhathele, amandla aphansi
- Ukuphefumula okunzima uma wenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile
- Isikhumba esikhuphukile noma esikhuphukile
- Amafu noma ama-sweats ebusuku
- Ukunqunywa nokuvuna okuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphulukisa
- Ukusuka ngokweqile kwamanxeba amancane
- Izindawo ezincane ezibomvu ngaphansi kwesikhumba (okuthiwa "i-petechiae")
- Amathambo noma amajoyini e-Achy
- Izifo ezivame ukugula noma ukugula ongabonakali "ukulwa"
Iziguli eziningi ezingelapheki i-leukemia ngeke zinezibonakaliso nezimpawu futhi zivame ukuthola ukuthi isifo emva kwemisebenzi yegazi kusukela ohlelweni lokuhlola. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma lesi sifo sithuthukile kakhulu, singase sibe nezinkinga ezifanayo neziguli ezinomdlavuza we-leukemia.
Izimpawu ze-leukemia zingase zingaqondakali futhi zingadideka kwezinye izifo eziningi. Uma ukhathazekile ngezimpawu ozizwayo, ngaso sonke isikhathi umqondo omuhle ukufuna iseluleko kumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.
Isifingqo
I-leukemia ingumdlavuza wamathambo futhi iholela ekukhiqizeni amaseli egazi angavamile. Ekugcineni, lawa "amangqamuzana e-leukemia" angavamile ayothatha amangqamuzana egazi ajwayelekile njengamaseli abomvu namaplatelet.
Ama-leukemia ahlukaniswa uhlobo lweseli abaluqalile kusuka (isifo se-myelogenous noma i-lymphocytic), kanye nokuthi i-leukemia ikhula kanjani futhi iqhubekela phambili (i-acute vs. chronic). Yize lezi zifo zinemvelaphi evamile, zihluke zonke izimpawu zabo, izimpawu zabo, indlela abaqhubeka ngayo nendlela abaphathwa ngayo.
Imithombo:
UCaldwell, B. (2007). I-leukemias enamandla. ECiesla, B. (Umq.) Hematology in Practice (k. 159-185). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: FA Davis Inkampani.
I-Finnegan, K. (2007). Ukukhathazeka okungapheliyo kwe-myeloproliferative. KuCiesla, B. (Umhl.) Hematology in Practice (pp.187-203). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: FA Davis Inkampani.
Munker, R. (2007). I-Myelogenous Leukemias enamandla. E-Munker, R., Hillier, E, i-Glass, J. et al (eds.) I-Hematology yanamuhla: Biology kanye Nokuphathwa Kwemitholampilo- Umshicileli wesibili. (amakhasi 155-173). I-Totowa, eNew Jersey: I-Humana Press Inc.
Munker, R., No-Sakhalkar, V. (2007). I-Lymphoblastic Leukemias elula. E-Munker, R., Hillier, E, i-Glass, J. et al (eds.) I-Hematology yanamuhla: Biology kanye Nokuphathwa Kwemitholampilo- Umshicileli wesibili. (k. 173- 195). I-Totowa, eNew Jersey: I-Humana Press Inc.