Amaseli omzimba ayingxenye enkulu yokutheleleka nge-HIV
Ama-T-amangqamuzana angaphansi kwamaseli amhlophe egazi adlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lomzimba lomzimba. I-CD4, ngokuphambene, uhlobo lweprotheni olutholakala kumaseli athile omzimba njengama-T-cell, ama-macrophages, nama-monocytes.
Ama-CD4 T-cell abhekwa njengamaseli "omsizi" ngoba awavimbeli ukutheleleka kodwa kunalokho ashukumisa impendulo yomzimba ezifweni.
Ephendula, amangqamuzana e-CD8 T - ahlukaniswe njengalokhu ngenxa yohlobo lweprotheyini ebusweni bawo - adlale ingxenye "yambulali" amangqamuzana ngokukhiqiza izinto (antibodies) ezisiza ukulwa namagciwane nezinye izihlaseli zangaphandle.
I-CD4 T-Cells Indima e-HIV Infection
Enye ye-conundrum ye-HIV ukutheleleka ukuthi ama-cell ahloselwe ukuqala ukuzivikela ngokuzivikela komzimba yizona ezihloselwe ukutheleleka nge- HIV . Njengesifo se-retrovirus, i-HIV idinga ukuthelela amaseli athile "okongiwa" ukuze enze amakhophi ngokwayo. Amaseli e-CD4 ayimigomo eyinhloko yalokhu ngesikhathi sokutheleleka.
Ngesikhathi sokutheleleka, i-HIV ifinyelela kulawo maseli omsizi, ukuxosha izinto zayo zofuzo ngaphakathi ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ikhodi ye-genetic ikhodi ingashintshwa ukuze ikhiqize ezinye i-HIV virions. Ngokwenza kanjalo, i-CD4 cell ebulawayo, futhi ikhono layo lokubangela ukuvikelwa komzimba ukuvikela umzimba kancane kancane kuze kube yilapho ukushiya umzimba uvulekele izifo ezingenayo amathuba .
I-Dynamics ye-HIV injalo ukuthi "ama-CD8 T-cell" abulala "ama-cell" T-cells ngokuqhubekayo eyimpumputhe ekukhusheni okuqhubekayo futhi ekugcineni akakwazi ukubhekana nokukhula kwabantu abane-HIV (njengoba kulinganiswa umthamo wegciwane ). Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, isimiso somzimba sokuvikela omzimba siyoba, kuzo zonke izimo ezingavamile, kwehle ngokuphelele (noma kubekwe eceleni).
Izinhlobo zama-CD4 T-Amaseli
Ngokuvame ukudlula ama-CD4 T-cell njengelinye uhlobo lweseli. Eqinisweni, kwakungaphakathi maphakathi no-1980 lapho usosayensi eqala ukukhomba ama-subsets ahlukene ngemisebenzi ehlukene. Ezinye zibalulekile ekusebenziseni okuthiwa ama-macrophage namaseli e- dendritic ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kokuqala, kuyilapho ezinye ziqondisa izivikelo zokuzivikela lapho zibhekene nazo, ngabanye, ngezidalwa eziphilayo, amagciwane, noma amagciwane.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-subtypes ebizwa ngokuthi ngu-T-helper 1, uT-helper 2, uT-helper 9, T-helper 17, i-T-cell elawulayo, kanye ne-follicular umsizi we-T- cell, okuyilowo nalowo ovimba uhlobo oluthile lwezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze asize ukuvimbela ama-virus.
Silinganisa kanjani i-CD4 T-Cells (futhi Kungani)?
Ngokunquma ukuthi zingaki amangqamuzana e-CD4 ajikeleza egazini, udokotela anganquma isimo somzimba womzimba womuntu. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okubizwa ngokuthi i- CD4 count kulinganisa inani lokusebenza kwamaseli e-CD4 ku-cubic millimeter yegazi. Ukuphakama isibalo se-CD4, amandla omzimba omzimba anamandla.
Kumuntu omdala onempilo, inani le-CD4 elijwayelekile lingashintsha kakhulu (ngamanani, iqembu lobudala, njll) kodwa ngokuvamile kuvame ngamasentimitha angu-500 kuya ku-1500 ngamakhilogremu angu-cubic millimeter yegazi (mL). Uma iwela phansi kwezingu-200, noma kunjalo, lesi sifo sibhekwa njenge-AIDS (etholakale ngokuzivikela komzimba).
Kule nkathi ukuthi izifo ezithandanayo kakhulu ezithandwayo ziyaziwa ukuthi zenzeke njengoba amasosha omzimba asengozini ngokutheleleka.
Ngaphambi kuka-2016, izibalo ze-CD4 zasezisetshenziselwe izindlela zokunquma ukuthi uzoqala nini ukwelashwa kwama-antiretroviral (ART) . Kodwa eminyakeni yamuva ukuthi indima ishintshiwe njengoba iziphathimandla zomhlaba manje zivumela ukuqaliswa ngokushesha kwe- HIV ukwelapha (kunokuba ulinde kuze kube khona inani le-CD4 elingaphansi kwamangqamuzana angu-500 / mL, njengoba kwakungumhlahlandlela wangaphambili).
Isibalo se-CD4 sisetshenziselwa ukuqapha impendulo yomuntu kumuthi wokwelapha, ngokuqala kokuqala kwama-ART ngokuvamile okukwazi ukubuyisela umsebenzi womzimba womuntu.
Ngokuphambene, abantu abaqala ama-ART ngamanani aphansi kakhulu e-CD4 (ngaphansi kwamangqamuzana angama-100 / mL) bavame ukuba nesikhathi esinzima kakhulu sokubuyisela izibalo zabo ze-CD4 emazingeni ajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi emva kokugula okukhulu.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe njengalokhu kulandela iziqondiso zika-US futhi ufune ukunakekelwa ngokushesha lapho kwenzeka ukutholakala nge-HIV. Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngokushesha, abantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi manje banethuba elingcono kakhulu lokuphila impilo evamile nempilo enempilo .
Imithombo:
> Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zempilo (NIH). "Ukuqala ukwelashwa kwe-antiretroviral kuqala kuthuthukisa imiphumela yabantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi." I-Bethesda, e-Maryland; ikhishwe ngoMeyi 27, 2015.
> Seng, R .; I-Goujard, i-C .; Krastinova, E .; et al. "Ithonya lokuphila okuqhubekayo kwe-HIV yokuvuthwa kwe-HIV ekubuyiseleni isikhathi eside kwe-CD4 + count kanye ne-CD4 + / CD8 + isilinganiso phakathi kweziguli ezinomthelela we-antiretroviral inhlanganisela." AIDS . NgoJanuwari 13, 2015; eshicilelwe ngaphambi kokuphrinta; I-DOI: 10.1097.
> Zhu, J. kanye noPaul, W. "Amaseli e-CD4 T: amahloni, imisebenzi, namaphutha." Igazi. 2008; 112: 1557-1569.
> Luckheeram, R .; I-Zhou, R .; I-Verma, A .; et al. "Amaseli e-CD4 + T: Ukwahlukana nemisebenzi." Immunology Clinic and Developmental. 2012: 2012 (925135); I-DOI 10.1155 / 2012/925135.