Sonke siyazi ukuthi i-ambulensi isabela kuzingcingo ezingu-911 , zigijimela phansi emgwaqweni ngokukhala kwamakholo futhi izibani zikhanya. Abasizo lwezeMpilo basendleleni yokusindisa izimpilo. Lapho befika endaweni yesehlakalo, bazokwazi ukulawula isimo bese bethola isisombululo sezinkinga. Isiguli sizoqiniswa futhi sithunyelwe kumnyango ophuthumayo ukunakekelwa okuphelele.
Kunezithombe eziningi ze-ambulensi kumaphephandaba. Ama-paramedics nabachwepheshe bezokwelapha eziphuthumayo (i-EMTs) bavame ukukhonjiswa njengabahlengikazi eziphuthumayo. Kodwa ukuphatha izimo eziphuthumayo akuzona kuphela izindlela eziphuthumayo ze-EMTs kanye ne-EMTs ezifaka isandla ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. Eqinisweni, cishe akuyona indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokunakekela iziguli.
Ama-ambulensi ahlanganisa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kwanamuhla. Ngaphandle kwabo, izindleko eziningi-izindleko ezitholakalayo namuhla ngeke zenzeke (yebo, kunemizamo yokubhekana nezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo).
Ukuhlukaniswa kweziguli
Izibhedlela zaqala njengeqembu lezindlu lapho odokotela babengaphatha iziguli eziningi endaweni eyodwa. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kwezibhedlela ezivamile, odokotela babecishe bavakashele iziguli emakhaya abo. Izibhedlela zavumela iziguli ezinganiselwe ukuthi zikwazi ukubonwa odokotela.
Ekugcineni, izibhedlela zaba izitolo ezilodwa, lapho iziguli zithola zonke izinhlobo zezinsizakalo.
Ngisho nezibhedlela ezincane ezindaweni zasemaphandleni zingakwazi ukuletha izingane kanye nokuhlinzwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isibhedlela sasinemibhede embalwa noma eminingi, ububanzi bezinsizakalo kuzofana nanoma ngabe izinga lihluka kakhulu. Isiguli singase sithole usizo kunoma yiziphi izinombolo zezimo.
Izibhedlela zashintsha ezinkampanini zamagceke, amakamelo amakhulu anemibhede eminingi yeziguli.
Ngokuvamile, amagceke esibhedlela ayezohlukaniswa ngamagatsha ngobulili kanye nohlobo lweziguli: Ukusebenza Nezokudiliva, Ezokugula, Nezokuhlinzwa kwakungamanye amawadi avamile asetshenzisiwe. Kamuva, amawadi ezimo eziphuthumayo (noma amagumbi) azokhula. Abanye bangabuye babe nendawo ehlukile yokwelapha.
I-Silos yezempilo
Ngisho noma izibhedlela zineziguli ezahlukana phakathi kwamagceke, zaze zafika esakhiweni esifanayo. Ekunakekelweni kwempilo yanamuhla, lokho akusiyo njalo. Njengoba ukunakekelwa kwesineke kuthatha okukhethekile, kunengqondo ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo zeziguli zibe ezibhedlela ezizinikezele ezikhethekile.
Kunezibhedlela ezihlinzekwayo, lapho kusetshenzwa khona izinqubo zokuhlinza ezihleliwe, ezifana nokufakwa esikhundleni se-hip noma ukuhlinzeka ngezimonyo. Izinqubo eziphuthumayo noma ezingaphenduliwe ezihambisana nezimo ezinzima ezifana ne- appendicitis noma ukuhlukumezeka zigcinwa ezibhedlela ezinezinsizakalo eziningi zendabuko noma ezinye izinhlobo zezibhedlela ezikhethekile.
Kunezibhedlela manje ezizinikezelwe abesifazane nabantwana, izikhungo zokuhlukumezeka, izibhedlela zenhliziyo, izikhungo zokuhlaselwa, izikhungo zomdlavuza; ngisho ne-septicemia. Ngamunye angagxila esitezi esibhedlela noma endaweni eyodwa ngabanye odokotela abazodinga ukugxila kwisigatshana esisodwa seziguli.
Indlela Yokuhamba Endaweni Ngendawo
Leli fomu lokubaluleka libalulekile emisebenzini emikhulu yokunakekelwa kwezempilo eneziguli ezihlukahlukene zesiguli.
Ukuze sikhonze iziguli, lezi zinhlangano kufanele zibe nezibhedlela eziningi lapho iziguli zingase zifune usizo, kodwa futhi ikhono lokuhambisa lezo ziguli ezingeni elifanele lokunakekelwa ngendlela engangcolisi ukunakekelwa kwesiguli. Isibhedlela sishukumisela kanjani iziguli ezindaweni ngezindawo?
Ama-ambulensi.
Umlando wama-ambulensi ugxila ekusetshenzisweni kwawo njengokuthutha okusheshayo kwabagulayo nabalimele ngenxa yezimo eziphuthumayo. Ama-ambulensi awazange aqale ukusabela eziphuthumayo ngokuzimela. Ngezinye izikhathi babethunyelwa ukuqoqa labo abanezifo (ukwelapha nesifo, isibonelo) futhi bawahambisane nokuthanda kwabo nokwelashwa.
Lapho ama-ambulensi esetshenziselwa ukuphuthumayo, ayevame ukuqhutshwa izibhedlela njengesevisi yeziguli ezicebile. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ambulensi yokuthutha okuphuthumayo kwavela empini. Indaba ethandwa kakhulu kunazo zonke ivela ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi ye-ambulensi ebutho likaNapoleon.
Ekusetshenzisweni kwama-ambulensi epulazini, abalimele bavame ukulinda kuze kube yilapho impi imisa ama-ambulensi ezofika. Udokotela ohlinzayo kaNapoleon Jikelele waqaphela ukuthi uma ama-ambulensi athunyelwa ngaphambili, angasindisa izimpilo eziningi, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise ukulahlekelwa empini. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusinda phakathi kwamasosha kwakungeyona umzamo wobuntu; kwakuyi-control inventory.
Akukhona nje Ngezimo Eziphuthumayo
Kusukela ekuqaleni, ama-ambulensi awazange abe nje ngezimo eziphuthumayo. Ukuthatha isiguli ukumyisa esibhedlela kungenye yezindlela zokusebenzisa i-ambulensi. Ama-ambulensi angakwazi futhi ukuhamba-futhi ahlale ehambisa-iziguli ukusuka ekugcineni kuya endaweni ekhona ezimweni ezingekho eziphuthumayo.
Ezinye zezinsizakalo ze-ambulensi ezindala namuhla ziqala ukwenza okuthile ngaphandle kokuphendula izingcingo zosizo. Eziningi zazisekelwe esibhedlela esithile futhi zazisetshenziselwa ukuhambisa iziguli ukuya kwezinye izibhedlela, okuyizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu i-ambulensi. Namuhla, lolu hlobo lwezokuthutha lubizwa ngokuthi ukudluliselwa kwezinsiza ngaphakathi (IFT). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinye ze-ambulensi zashintsha ukuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngokwabo.
Kukhona ama-ambulensi kulaba abagulayo abaqashile abasebenzisa umhlengikazi esikhundleni (noma ngaphezu kwalokho) imithi yezokwelapha. Kukhona ama-ambulensi angenazo zokubeletha ezenzelwe ukuhambisa izingane zangaphambi kwesikhathi. Amanye ama-ambulensi anezinkampani zokunakekela ezihlanganisa abahlengikazi, odokotela, abahlinzayo bokuphefumula, abahlengikazi, abasizo lwezezimo eziphuthumayo, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, noma zonke lezi.
Ukuqhubeka kokunakekelwa
Esikhundleni sokuphendula eziphuthumayo, ama-ambulensi enza i-IFTs ahlinzeke ngokuqhubekayo kokunakekelwa kusuka kwesinye isikhungo kuya kwesinye. Ngesikhathi sokuthutha, isiguli sihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isimo sakhe asishintshi.
Lokho akusho ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwe-inter-centre akubalulekile kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, isiguli sisuswa esikhungweni esingenakuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa okukhethekile okudingekayo esikhungweni esingaba khona. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa okubalulekile kuqhutshwa kuzo zonke izithuthi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isiguli senza ngokuphepha futhi silungele ukunakekelwa esibhedlela esisha.
Abasebenzi be-ambulensi ye-IFT yingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwesiguli. Bayingxenye yethimba lezempilo njengoba nje nabasebenzi basebhedlela. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kusebenza okubalulekile, iziguli zokwelashwa zanamuhla ngeke zithole ukwelashwa abazidingayo kusukela ochwepheshe abanganikeza.
Ukuhluleka kokuqeqesha
Naphezu kokuthi ama-ambulensi abambe konke ukunakekelwa kwempilo ndawonye ezweni lapho abahlinzeki bezempilo bebanjwe khona ngezici ezikhethekile; futhi naphezu kokuthi ama-ambulensi e-IFT awaningi kakhulu ama-ambulensi aphendula amakholi angu-911 (noma aphendule kokubili izinhlobo zezicelo), izinhlelo zemfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwabachwepheshe bezokwelapha eziphuthumayo kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo zisalokhu zigxile kuphela eziphuthumayo.
Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha eziphuthumayo bafundiswa ububanzi, ukulawulwa kwegazi , i- CPR , ukuphefumula, nendlela yokukhipha iziguli ezivela emotweni ngemuva kwengozi. Imfundo ye-paramedic igxile ekwelapheni izifo zenhliziyo kanye neziguli eziphazamiseka. Wonke umuntu ufunda ukuphatha isenzakalo ngesikhathi sesigameko esibulalayo (MCI). Konke lokhu kuqeqeshwa okubaluleke kakhulu okungeke kunciphise, kepha esimisweni se-IFT, asihumushi.
Ngokuqinisekile, i-EMT noma i-paramedic kufanele ikwazi ukubhekana kahle nesiguli esibhekene nesimo sezulu ngokuzumayo ngesikhathi sokuthutha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokho kuhamba kuqale esibhedlela noma kulesi siguli esibizwa ngo-911. Njengomshayeli wendiza aqeqeshelwe ukuhamba ngezinyawo, kodwa lapho i-autopilot ihluleka futhi indiza isengozini, izimo eziphuthumayo kanye ne-EMTs kumele zilungele ukungalindelekile.
Kodwa umshayeli wezindiza uqeqeshelwe ukuhamba ngezinyawo nge-autopilot. Uyazi kahle ukuthi kulindeleke kangakanani okungalindelekile. I-EMT ayitholanga lokho kuqeqeshwa-okungenani hhayi njengengxenye yekharikhyulamu ejwayelekile kazwelonke. I-EMT ayifundiswanga ukuthi yenzani leyo nto ayisebenzisayo eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala yokusebenza kwakhe.
Ukushintsha Ukulindela
Njengoba izigulane zibizwa ukuba zihanjiswe iziguli ezivela kwenye indawo kuya kwesinye, iziguli kufanele zifune ukuthi abasebenzi abathuthele bekhululekile ukwenza lo msebenzi. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, i-EMT ilungele ukungena ngaphakathi, kodwa kuthiwani ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunakekelwa okuvela esakhiweni sokuqala kuqhubekile ngokuzenzekelayo okwesibili?
Ama-EMTs aphuma ekuqeqeshweni kwawo kokuqala alungele ukusindisa izimpilo nokuqeda lesi sifo. Ziyiziqhawe eziqeqeshiwe-elinde. Bazimisele ukugijima ngenkathi abanye bephela. Kodwa lokho akuyona indima abazoyidlala-hhayi ekuqaleni. I-EMT entsha izokwenza i-IFT, hhayi ngoba ayibalulekile. Bazokwenza i-IFT ngoba iyabuyisa. Akushayeli "kushisa" ngezibani ezikhanyayo futhi zivikela ukukhwehlela ukudonsa isisulu emotweni evuthayo.
I-IFT ayiyona i-sexy; okungenani hhayi kwi-EMT entsha.
Lokho kungashintshwa. Njengoba imfundo efanele ngokugxila ekubalukeni kanye nekhono le-IFT, ama-EMTs kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo bazokwamukela indima entsha. Bazokwenza futhi benze kahle uma nje bekwazi ukuthi bangalindela bani futhi babe namathuluzi okwenza lo msebenzi.
Iziguli zizozuza ohlelweni olwengeziwe lwezempilo, lapho abasebenzi be-ambulensi beyingxenye eqondile yeqembu futhi besuka esikhungweni kuya esikhungweni akubonisi indawo ebuthakathaka ekunakekelweni kweziguli.
> Imithombo:
> Umlando wezibhedlela namawadi . (2016). Healthcaredesignmagazine.com .
> Ithonya likaDomininique Jean Larrey ngobuciko nesayensi yokuqothulwa. (2016). Sciencedirect.com .
> Kulshrestha, A. & Singh, J. (2016). Ukudluliselwa kwesiguli esibhedlela naphakathi kwesibhedlela: Imiqondo yakamuva. I-Indian Journal Of Anesthesia , 60 (7), 451. i-doi: 10.4103 / 0019-5049.186012
> Ama-Samuels, David J, et al. Ochwepheshe Wezokwelapha Eziphuthumayo-Isiyisisekelo: IsiKharityhulam Esijwayelekile Sikazwelonke. (1997) . UMnyango Wezokuthutha we-US.