Uhlolo olulawulwa ngokungavamile luhlobo locwaningo lokuhlola lapho abantu banikezwa khona ngezikhathi ezithile noma iqembu lokulawula noma ukungenelela. Khona-ke, kukhona okwenziwe eqenjini lokungenelela (banikezwa izidakamizwa, izinkomfa zemfundo, ukweluleka, njll), kuyilapho iqembu lokulawula lishiywa yedwa noma linikezwa i-placebo. Emva kokungenelela, ososayensi babona ukuthi imiphumela ihlukile yini phakathi kwamaqembu amabili.
Nakuba le mibandela emibili isetshenziswa kaningi ngokungafaniyo, ukukhuluma ngokuqondile akuyona yonke inqubo yokuhlolwa okungahleliwe kuyilingo elilawulwa ngokungahleliwe. Ukuhlolwa okungahleliwe ukuthi kube yilingo elilawulwe ngokungahleliwe kufanele libe neqembu lokulawula elingatholi muthi noma ukungenelela. Uma la maqembu amabili kokubili abelwe ukungenelela okuhlukene, ama-purists awawubheki njalo njengesivivinyo "esilawulwayo". Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kunikelwa eqenjini lokulawula.
Uma uzama ukuthola ukuthi izidakamizwa noma ukungenelela kuphumelela yini ekwelapheni noma ekuvimbeleni isifo, isivivinyo esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe sivame ukubhekwa njengezinga legolide . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokuhlolwa okungahleliwe, ngokungafani nesifundo sokuhlola, ungathola umqondo omuhle wokubangela. Ngesilingo esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe, into ehlukile phakathi kwamaqembu amabili kungakhathaliseki ukuthi athola yini izidakamizwa. Ngakho-ke, uma abantu abathola lesi sidakamizwa babe nemiphumela engcono, kunethuba elihle lokuthi lesi sidakamizwa sabangela imiphumela.
Kwezinye izinhlobo zezifundo, ukwehluka okucashile kodwa okubalulekile kunzima ukulawula.
Ngisho noma isilingo esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe singabhekwa njengendlela "engcono kakhulu" yokutadisha inkinga, izifundo ezinjalo akuzona njalo ezisebenzayo noma zokuziphatha. Izilingo ezilawulwe ngokungahleliwe nazo, ngezinye izikhathi, zingeyona indlela efanele yokuxazulula inkinga enikeziwe.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlolwa akulona ucwaningo olulawulwa ngokungahleliwe akusho ukuthi kuyisifundo esibi noma isifundo esingenamsebenzi. Esikhundleni salokho, ukutadisha konke kufanele kugwetshwe ngokwezifiso zaso ukuze ubone ukuthi kulinganiswe kangakanani imiphumela yayo. Akuzona zonke izilingo ezilawulwa ngokungahleliwe ezihlelwe kahle.
Izibonelo Zemizamo Elawulwa Ngemihla
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okungahleliwe okulawulwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza , bangase baqale ngeqembu labantu abangu-1000, abangu-500 bayothola umgomo ngenkathi ama-500 athola isibhamu se-placebo, bese ososayensi babone ukuthi bangaki abantu eqenjini ngalinye aba ne- HIV ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isivivinyo esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe sokwelashwa njengokuvimbela (TaSP) singanikeza umuntu ongcikwane negciwane lesandulela ngculazi kumlingani we- serodiscordant ekuqaleni kokwelashwa kwe-HIV . Khona-ke iqembu lokulawula lingawathola ukwelashwa okujwayelekile (elinde ukuqala ikhadi , ukuncoma ikhondomu). Ucwaningo olunjalo lwasetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukuthi i-TaSP iyindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa ukudluliselwa ngokocansi kwe-HIV.
Imithombo:
U-Hoffmann CJ, uGallant JE. Ukulinganisa kanye nobufakazi bokuthi igciwane lesandulela-ngculazi libhebhetheka njengendlela yokuvimbela emazingeni abantu ngabanye kanye nabaningi. I-Dis Dis Dis Clin North Am. 2014 Dec; 28 (4): 549-61.
Paquette D, Schanzer D, Guo H, Gale-Rowe M, Wong T. Umthelela wokuphathwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza njengokuvimbela phambi kwamanye amasu okuvimbela: izifundo ezifundwa ekubuyekezweni kwamamodeli ezemibhalo ezibekwe emazweni acebile. I-Med Prev. 2014 Jan; 58: 1-8. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.ypmed.2013.10.002.