Ukuvezwa Kuzo kanye Nezibonakaliso Zokuphila Okuyisine Okusongela Amagciwane A-Amoeba
Ukuphila kwama-amoebas mahhala kungamakhemikhali angashadile angakwazi ukuhlala emvelweni ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlangano. Ukutheleleka kwe-Amoebic kubantu akuvamile, kodwa kungabangela izifo ezibulalayo zegazi.
Naegleria fowleri
I-Naegleria fowleri itholakala emaqoqweni amanzi ashisayo emhlabeni wonke. Kuvame ukulimaza abantu abasha, abahlala benempilo abaye babhukuda emanzini ahlanzekile.
Ezinye izifo nazo ziboshwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi kampompi ku-neti izimbiza.
I-Naegleria inezigaba ezintathu zokuphila: i-cysts, i-trophozoites namafomu afakwe e-flagellated. I-Trophozoites ingangena emathisini amancane futhi ingene ebuchosheni. Umphumela uwuku-meningoencephalitis , obizwa ngokuthi i-primary amebic meningoencephalitis, noma i-PAM. Idala ikhanda elinzima, umkhuhlane, ukuqina kwentamo, ukudideka, isicashu, nokuhlanza. Lesi sifo sivame ukubulala phakathi kwezinsuku ezine kuya kweziyisithupha ngenxa yengcindezi ephakeme yokunyakaza .
I-Naegleria kunzima ukuyihlolisisa futhi ihamba ngokushesha, okwenze kube nzima ngisho ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi lesi sifo singaphathwa kanjani kangcono. Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa komuthi we-antifungal amphotericin B no-fluconazole kanye nama-antibiotic kanye ne-corticosteroid. Acanthamoeba
Njengo-Naegleria, izinhlobo ze-Acanthamoeba zitholakala emhlabeni wonke. Imibiko yenziwe ngokuthola le Amoeba emachibini okubhukuda, amachibi, amanzi okupompi, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi, imishini yokuxhumana yelensi, imishini ye-dialysis, izinhlelo zokushisa nezimo zomoya, imifino nokuningi.
I-amoeba ingangena emzimbeni ngamehlo, impumulo noma izikhumba zesikhumba.
Ngokungafani ne-Naegleria, izifo ze-acanthamoeba azivami ukuvela kubantu abanempilo futhi kunalokho zivame ukutholakala kulabo abangazivikeli kahle (amasosha omzimba abuthaka). I-amoeba ivame ukuhlasela igazi kuqala bese ihamba ingena ebuchosheni.
Ngesinye isikhathi esimisweni sezinzwa zomphakathi, i-amoeba idala i-encephalitis encane. Izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukuphathwa ikhanda, ukucasuka, isicashu, kanye nosizi. Ekugcineni, ukutheleleka kungabangela ukuzwela ekukhanyeni, izinkinga eziphathelene negazi, umbono ophindwe kabili, i- ataxia , ukudideka nokuqothulwa. Lesi sifo ngokuvamile sibulalayo phakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezinyanga emva kokuba izimpawu zokuqala zivele.
Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwalesi sifo akuqinisekisiwe. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, noma i-CDC, inezidakamizwa zokuphenya okuthiwa i-miltefosine engase ivivinywe.
Balamuthia Mandrillaris
I-Balamuthia itholakala enhlabathini. Nakuba ukuchayeka kuvamile, ukutheleleka akuvamile. Amacala angu-200 kuphela kaBalamuthia aye abikwa emhlabeni jikelele. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukutheleleka kuqalwa yi-amoeba ehlasela isikhumba noma ngokuvula ama-cysts angenawo emlonyeni noma ekhaleni. Izimpawu zifana kakhulu nokutheleleka kwe-Acanthamoeba. Ukuthola ukwelashwa kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunempilo yokwelashwa okungaqiniseki, nakuba imithi yokuphenya i-miltefosine kanye nezinye izifo ezinamagciwane kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane ingasetshenziswa.
Sappinia
I-Sappinia iyi-amoeba ebangela i-encephalitis, futhi kunomlando owodwa kuphela obikiwe emhlabeni. Kulo muntu othintekayo, i-amoeba ibangele isisindo esisodwa ku-lobe yesikhashana.
Isiguli sathuthuka ngemva kokwelashwa ngenhlanganisela yezidakamizwa, ezihlanganisa ama-antibiotics nemithi ye-antifungal.
Ngaphansi
Lezi zifo ezitholwa yi-amoeba azivami ngokwanele ukwenza izindaba uma zenzeka. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi nakuba lezi zifo zingathí sina, amathuba okuba umuntu ahlale ezwa ukutheleleka okunjalo kakhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuthiwa, ngoba izifo zimbi kakhulu lapho zenzeka, kubalulekile futhi odokotela ukuba banganaki ukuthi isiguli sabo singase sibe ne-amoeba ohlelweni lwazo lwezinzwa.
Imithombo:
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Balamuthia mandrillaris - I-Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE).
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Izinambuzane - Acathamoeba - I-Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE); Keratitis.
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-Naegleria fowleri - i- Amebic Meninoencephalitis eyinhloko (i-PAM) - i-Amebic Encephalitis: Ukwelashwa.
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-Sappinia - i-Amebic Encephalitis.
Gelman, BB, et al. (2001). I-Amoebic encephalitis ngenxa ye-Sappinia diploidea. I-JAMA, 285: 2450.
Huang, ZH, Ferrante, A., Carter, RF (1999). Ama-antibodies e-Serum ku-Balamuthia mandrillaris, i-amoeba ephilayo yamahhala esanda kubonisa ukuthi ibangele i-encephalitis ye-amoebic granulomatous. I Journal of Infectious Diseases , 179: 1305.
Schuster, FL, & Visvesvara, GS (2004). I-amoebae yama-Free-living njengama-pathogens angenayo amathuba futhi angenasimo abantu nezilwane. I-International Journal yeParasitology, 34: 1001.
Siddiqui, R., & Khan, NA (2014). I-amoebic meningoencephalitis eyinhloko ebangelwa i- Naegleria fowleri : Isitha esidala esinikeza izinselele ezintsha. I-PLoS Inqatshelwe Izifo ZamaTropical, Aug; 8 (8): e3017.