Ngabe Kuqala Ukubhekana Nenkinga Yezokwelapha?
I-Ataxia yigama lesayensi lokuntuleka kokuxhumanisa noma ukuxuba. Ingxenye yobuchopho ngokuvamile ehlotshaniswa nokusebenzisana yi-cerebellum. Izilonda ngenxa yezicubu , ukushaya isifo noma ukubola okuningi okulimaza i-cerebellum, noma i-fibre yezinzwa ezikhuluma ne-cerebellum, kungaholela ekubuneni ukuhamba ngokuqondile. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ngokukhuluma, ukugwinya nokuhamba kahle.
Indlela elula yokukhomba ukuthi i-ataxia ibukeka kanjani ukucabanga ngomuntu ophuza utshwala obukhulu kakhulu. Utshwala ngqo luthinta i-cerebellum. Ukuhamba okukhubekisayo, ukuzwakalisa ngezandla zabo, nokwehliswa kwenkulumo yabo konke kungenxa ye-ataxia ebangelwa utshwala.
I-terminology
Imibandela yobuchwepheshe yezici ezihlukahlukene ze-ataxia ihlanganisa:
I-Dysmetria- ukungakwazi ukukwahlulela kahle ibanga. I-neurologist ingase ihlole i-dysmetria ngokucela othile ukuba akhombe ekhaleni labo, bese eya kumunwe wezinzwa ze-neurologist. Uma isiguli sifinyelela kude noma kungekude, i-dysmetria ikhona.
I-Dysrhythmia- ukuhluleka ukuhamba ngesigqi esivamile.
I-Dysdiadochokinesia- ebizwa ngokuthi "dis-die-add-ik-kin-e---ah-ah", leli gama lisho ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ukuhambisa ngokushesha futhi emuva. I-neurologist ingakwazi ukuhlola lokhu ngokucela isiguli ukuba siphume ngesandla siphinde siphinde sibuyele phezulu kwesandla sabo esibhekene nayo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuhlukumezeka- kunzima ukukhuluma. Izilonda ze-cerebellar zingabangela lokho okuchazwe ngokuthi "ukuskena" inkulumo, okusho ukuthi inkulumo iyancipha futhi igcizelela ama-syllable angalungile.
I-Dysphagia- kunzima ukugwinya. Lokhu kungabangelwa izinto eziningi ngaphandle kwezinkinga ze-cerebellar.
Ukuqothulwa -ukuthuthumela okungazinzile kwesibindi kanye / noma ikhanda elingabonakala kubantu abanezifo ze-cerebellar.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-ataxia zihlanganisa i-ataxia enesisindo, lapho ukuxubha khona kungenxa yokulahlekelwa kwenzwa lapho umzimba ukhona khona esikhala (ukutholakala kwempahla). Lokhu kungabhekwa ngumunye umuntu ohambisa umunwe wesiguli noma izinyosi phezulu, bese ecela isiguli ukuthi angayibona yini umehluko. E-ataxia ye-vestibular, ukuhlukumezeka kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka okuholela ekutholeni isiyezi. Akuvamile ukuba umuntu abe nohlobo olulodwa lwe-ataxia ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Izimbangela ze-Ataxia
I-Ataxia ingabangelwa izinto eziningi ezahlukene. Njengoba sesixoxe ngakho, noma yini elimaza i-cerebellum ingaholela ku-ataxia, kufaka phakathi izicubu noma isifo sohlangothi. Ezinye izimbangela ze-ataxia zihlanganisa:
Izidakamizwa zemithi , okufaka i-lithium ne-anticonvulsants.
Izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa , kufaka phakathi utshwala, insangu, kanye ne-PCP.
Amakhomikhali , kubandakanya i-mercury ne-toluene.
Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin , kubandakanya i-B12 ne-vitamin E.
Izinkinga ze-Brain , njenge -Malnold-Chiari malformation.
Ukuphazamiseka okuzuzwayo , njenge- Frexreich's ataxia , i- ataxia-telangiectasia , i-ataxia ye-spinocerebellar, ne-ataxia ye-episodic, phakathi kwamanye amaningi.
I-Cerebellitis , ukuvuvukala kwe-cerebellum ngokuvamile ngenxa yesifo se- viral noma isifo se-autoimmune
Ezinye izifo ezitholakalayo , njengesifo se-celiac , isifo sika-Whipple, ukuphazamiseka kwe-paraneoplastic , kanye ne-high-altitude cerebral edema.
Izivivinyo ze-Ataxia
Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okusetshenziselwa ekuhloleni i-ataxia kuzoxhomeka kwisiguli ngasinye. Uma kunomlando oqinile womndeni, kungase kuphumelele kakhulu ukuqala nje ngokuhlolwa kofuzo lwe-ataxia ye-spinocerebellar.
I- MRI ingumqondo omuhle wokulawula izimbangela ze-atazia etholakalayo njenge-tumor, isifo sohlangothi noma i-multiple sclerosis. Kwezinye i-ataxia ye-neurodegenerative, njenge-ataxia ye-spinocerebellar, izingxenye zobuchopho ezifana ne-cerebellum ne-brainstem zingase zibe ne-shrunken. Uma kunomqondo wokuthi ukutheleleka noma inqubo ye-autoimmune ngemuva kwe-ataxia, ukukhishwa kwe-lumbar kungacelwa futhi.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Ataxia
Njengoba kunjalo njalo, ukwelashwa kwe-ataxia kuncike ekunqumeni isizathu esiqondile esiyimbangela.
Noma kunjalo, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kungasiza kakhulu ekusizeni abantu ukuba babhekane nokuhlushwa nokulinganisela okungalungile okubangelwa i-ataxia. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidingo zokuhamba njenge-walker noma umoba kungadingeka kwezinye izimo.
Imithombo:
I-Hal Blumenfeld, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa Izimo Zemitholampilo. I-Sunderland: Abakwa-Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002
I-AH Ropper, ama-Samuels MA. Adams kanye Nemigomo kaVictor ye-Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.