I-superbug iyigama elisetshenziselwa abezindaba-ukuchaza uhlobo lwebhaktheriya olumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane amaningi. Lezi zinhlobo ezikhulayo zebhaktheriya zingabangela ukhathazeka njengoba ngezinye izikhathi singenayo izidakamizwa zokwelapha izifo esake sakwazi ukuzenza. Sikhuluma ngokufinyelela esikhathini se-Post-Antibiotic. Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile nokusebenzisa kabi ama-antibiotic kusho ukuthi siye savumela ukuthi izimbungulu zikhule zingamelana nalezi zidakamizwa futhi izidakamizwa azisekho ukusebenza.
Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamabhaktheriya ezithathelwanayo eziye zahlakulela ukuphikiswa kwama-antibiotic futhi manje zibhekwa njengeSuppbugs.
Kunezindlela eziningi esingase sikwazi ukunciphisa ithuba lalezi zidakamizwa ezisakazekayo. Imithi ingasiza ekuvimbeleni lezi zidakamizwa. Ngisho nendlela endala yokulawula izifo - usebenzisa i-Phages - esebenzisa ama-bacteriophages noma amagciwane ahlasela futhi alawula amabhaktheriya.
Yiziphi ezinye ze-Super Emergency Emerging?
I-Staphylococcus aureus engamelana ne-Methicillin (MRSA)
I-Staphylococcus aureus (noma okubizwa ngokuthi "Staph" ngokusemthethweni) ibonakalisa ngezindlela eziningi, kodwa cishe iningi kakhulu eyaziwa ngokuthi "amagciwane okudla inyama". Cishe u-25% kuya ku-30% wabantu abaningi bahlanganiswa no-Staph emakhaleni abo noma ngaphezulu kwesikhumba sabo, kodwa uma uthola indlela engaphezu kwesikhala sesikhumba, kungabangela izifo ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezifweni ezincane zesikhumba, kufaka phakathi ama-pimples noma amathumba, kwezinye izifo ezingathí sina ezingaholela emiphumeleni ebulalayo, njenge-pneumonia noma i-sepsis.
Iminyaka eminingi, i-penicillin kanye ne-methicillin babhekwa njengezokwelapha ezinhle kakhulu ze-Staph infections. Izinhlungu ze-Staph eziphikisana nemethicillin zibonwa okokuqala ezibhedlela nakwezinye izindawo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva, i-MRSA ehlobene nomphakathi isanda kakhulu. I-athikili yakamuva ku- JAMA ikholelwa ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2005, i-MRSA igweme cishe abangaba ngu-9 000 baseMelika, okungukuthi ukutheleleka okungu-1 kwabahlanu kwababulala.
Isifo sofuba esingaqondakali izidakamizwa (MDR - ne- XDR-TB )
Isifo sofuba, esaziwa nangokuthi "ukusetshenziswa", yisifo esishaqisayo sokubhubhisa esitholakala ngokungafaki emaphashini, lapho singabangela khona isifo (isifo sofuba), kodwa singasakazekela kwezinye izitho emzimbeni, okuholela ekubonisweni okuhlukahlukene (i-meningitis, Izifo zikaPott, njll). Ngaphambi kokutholakala kwama-antibiotics, isifo sofuba sasingenakuphefumula. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwemithi elwa namagciwane eqala ngawo-1940, isifo sofuba esingaxilisi emithi (MDR-TB) siphumile futhi siyimbangela eholela ekufeni, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi. I-MDR-TB ibangelwa izinkinga ze- Mycobacterium isifo sofuba eziphikisana okungenani ama-antibiotics i-isoniazid ne-rifampicin. I-subset ye-MDR-TB, isifo sofuba esingaxilisi kakhulu emithini (XDR-TB), kubangelwa izinkinga ezingavamile ezingavumelani ne-isoniazid ne-rifampicin, kanye nemithi ye-second (noma yokulandela). Kokubili i-MDR- ne-XDR-TB ayitholakali e-US, kodwa abantu abane-HIV basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka.
I-entococcus engamelana nemithi
I-enterococcus faecalis ne- Enterococcus faecium itholakala emathunjini nasegabeni lomzimba wesifazane futhi ingabangela ukutheleleka kwamagciwane, ukutheleleka kwegazi, kanye nokwelapha.
I-Enterococci ingabangela izifo ezibulalayo kubantu abanempilo enhle, njengezinsana nabadala. Izinkinga ezimbalwa ze-enterococci ezingamelana nezidakamizwa ziye zavela eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, kufaka phakathi lezo ezingamelana ne-penicillin, i-vancomycin, ne-linezolid.
I-Streptococcus pneumoniae engamelana nemithi
I-Streptococcus pneumoniae iyimbangela evamile yezifo zezindlebe ezinganeni, i-meningitis, ukutheleleka kwesistimu kanye ne-pneumonia. Izinkinga eziphikisana ne-penicillin nezinye izinhlobo zokulwa namagciwane e-penicillin ziye zanda eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule futhi zibhekene nephesenti elikhulu lokufa nokugula e-US
Okunye
Ukuphikiswa kwama-antibiotic kutholakala ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-bacterium ngamazinga asabekayo. Kukhona futhi i- CRE , i- Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae . - okuyinto isakaze ikakhulu ezibhedlela. Ezinye izinkinga zebhaktheriya ezinokulwa nokulwa nokulwa namagciwane ahlanganisa, kepha azikhawulelwanga, i- Pseudomonas aeruginosa ("i-pathogen engenayo" ehlasela abantu abangenakuzivikela), i- Streptococcus pyogenes (enye inhlobo ye-bacteria yokudla inyama kanye nesisusa se-strep throat, impetigo, nesibomvu imfiva) kanye ne- Proteus vulgaris (imbangela yezifo eziningi ze-urinary tract). Ukutheleleka okuphikisana nakho kungasakazeka ngokuhamba noma ngezocansi - njengoba uShigella ophikisana nezidakamizwa usenzile .
Imithombo:
Ulwazi oluhambisana nomphakathi we-MRSA lwabantu. I-CDC. 11 Agasti 2008
Klevens, R. Monina, et al. "Izifo ezithathelwanayo zeMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus e-United States". I-JAMA 2007 298: 1763-1771. 30 Julayi 2008.
I-Fact Sheets. I-Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (i-MDR TB). Ukuhlukaniswa kwesifo sofuba. I-CDC. 11 Agasti 2008
I-Fact Sheets. Isifo sofuba esingavikeleki kakhulu (XDR TB). Ukuhlukaniswa kwesifo sofuba. I-CDC. 11 Agasti 2008
I-Hyucke, uMark M, uDaniel F. Sahm, noMichael S. Gilmore "I-Enterococci Eningi Yokulwa Nezidakamizwa: I-Nature of the Problem and Agenda for the Future". Izifo Ezithathelwanayo Ezikhulayo Apr-Jun 1998 4: 239-249. 30 Julayi 2008.