I-Cancer Ehlobene Nokungcoliswa Kwemboni yi-Ciba-Geigy Corporation
Kusukela ngawo-1990, imindeni yaseToms River eyathinteka ngumdlavuza ohlobene nokungcola kwezimboni ibilokhu iphikisana nesikhungo seCiba-Geigy, Union Carbide corporation, ne-United Water Toms River.
I-Ciba-Geigy Corporation
Ukusuka ngo-1952-1990, i-Ciba-Geigy Corporation (kusukela ezuzwe yi-BASF) yasebenzisa izitshalo zokukhiqiza ugesi eToms River.
Imikhiqizo yokudoba evela esitshalweni yayingagcinwa emadubheni angaba ngu-69 000 noma ephathwa futhi iphonywe ngebhayiphu eya e-Atlantic Ocean. Ngo-1980, uMnyango Wezokuvikelwa Kwezemvelo waseNew Jersey wawufuna uCiba-Geigy ukuqalisa ukuqapha kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nokususwa kwedrama endaweni yesitshalo. Ngo-1983, isayithi leToms River lafakwa ohlwini lwe-US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA). I-EPA ithole ukuthi udoti esakhiweni lwalokhu luya emanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Ngo-1989 yayala uCiba-Geigy ukuba aqale ukuhlanza indawo kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Union Carbide Corporation
Abanikazi beReich Farm baqashise ingxenye yepropati ngo-1971 beya ku-independent controller. NgoDisemba walowo nyaka, abanikazi bathole amathrekhi angu-4 500 aphethe amalebula e-Union Carbide ayehlehlisiwe emhlabeni, futhi imikhiqizo yokudoba yayisetshenziswe emathangeni. Ukusuka ngo-1972-1974 i-Union Carbide isuswe amadubhu, imfucuza yamanzi kanye nenhlabathi engcolile.
Ngeshwa, leli zwe liphezu kwe-aquifer eyayiwumthombo oyinhloko wamanzi okuphuza kulo lonke lelolokishi ngaleso sikhathi. Ngo-1974 i-Dover Township iBhodi yezeMpilo yavala imithombo yamasese yangasese eduze neRefrich Farm ngemuva kokuthola ukungcola, futhi amakhaya ayexhunyaniswe ngokugcwele nomunye amanzi.
Izakhamuzi zendawo zikholelwa ukuthi inkampani yamanzi yasendaweni, iToms River Water Company (manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-United Water Toms River), isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi lapho kubonakala ukuthi yonakalisiwe, futhi ayizange iphathe amanzi ngendlela efanele ngokwenza iphephile.
Ukukhuphuka Ingane Yomdlavuza Wezingane
Ema-1990 kwabonakala sengathi inani labantwana abanomdlavuza endaweni yaseToms River lalikhulayo. Ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwabahlali, uMnyango WezeMpilo eNew Jersey ngo-1996 wafunda le nkinga futhi wathola ukuthi phakathi kuka-1979 no-1995, izingane ezingu-90 elokishi zatholakala ukuthi zinomdlavuza. Lokhu kwakungaphezulu kuka-23 okungenakulindeleke emphakathini, okusho ukuthi izingane ziye zahlakulela i-leukemia kanye nobuchopho kanye nenqubo yesifo senzwa yezinzwa eziphakeme ngaphezu kwezinga likazwelonke. Imindeni yathukuthela futhi ifuna uhulumeni uphenye.
Isifundo sithola izixhumanisi
UMnyango WezeMpilo waseNew Jersey kanye ne-Federal Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry wenza ucwaningo ukuze kuhlolwe ubuhlobo phakathi kokuchazwa kwemvelo kanye namacala omdlavuza. Yaphetha:
- Ayikho inkinga eyodwa engozini ebonakala sengathi iyena kuphela omele ukwanda komdlavuza wezingane
- Inhlangano yatholwa phakathi kokuchasana kokubeletha emanzini angcolile kanye ne-leukemia kubantwana besifazane
- Inhlangano yatholwa phakathi kokungenwa kokubeletha emoyeni kusukela esitshalweni seCiba-Geigy kanye ne- leukemia ezinganeni zabesifazane ezitholwa ngaphambi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala.
Ukuhlala kweCash kufinyelelwe
Union Carbide, iCiba Specialty Chemicals, kanye ne-United Water Toms River, ngaphandle kokuvuma ukuboleka, yavuma ngoJanuwari 2002 ukuba ihlale emadolobheni angama-dollar angu-69 nemindeni engu-69 enezingane ezingatholakala ukuthi zinomdlavuza. Eminye imikhaya inqabe ukuhlala futhi iphishekela i-suit-action suit. U-Linda Gillick, okhulumela lo mndeni, uthe, "Izinombolo azibonakali, noma yikuphi, ukuthi imindeni nezingane zihamba kanjani." Ngempela imali ayikho induduzo emindenini engu-15 eyabantwana abaye bafa, futhi lapho kutholakala khona umdlavuza omncane unyaka ngamunye.
Imithombo:
I-Environmental News Network. "Amaqoqo omdlavuza weToms River amaqoqo okuhlalisa ama-dollar angu-13.2." NgoJanuwari 25, 2002.
I-Environmental Protection Agency. Isiqephu seNational Factory Factory Sheet: Ciba-Geigy Corp.
I-Environmental Protection Agency. Isiqephu seNational Factory Factory Sheet: I-Reich Ipulazi.
UMnyango wezeMpilo eNew Jersey. "Ucwaningo Lokulawulwa Kwamakhansela Ensana eDover Township (Ocean County), eNew Jersey, Vol 1: Isifinyezo." Iyatholakala ku-intanethi kufomethi ye-.pdf.