Izinhlobo ze-Leukemia kanye nezingozi ezivamile
Sibutsetelo
I-leukemia yisifo esithinta amangqamuzana akha igazi. Isimo somdlavuza esibonakala ngobuningi bamaseli egazi amhlophe angavamile emzimbeni. I-leukemia iqala emangeni yethambo futhi isakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Bobabili izingane kanye nabantu abadala bangakhula i-leukemia.
Izinhlobo
I-leukemia ingahlukaniswa yaba izinhlobo ezine ezahlukene.
Ihlukaniswa kuqala njenge-acute noma engapheli futhi ihlukaniswe ngokuthi i-myelogenous noma i-lymphocytic.
I-Chronic Leukemia
Kwi- leukemia engapheli , amaseli we-leukemia avela kumaseli avuthiwe, angajwayelekile. Lezi zomshukela zivame ukukhula kancane kunama-leukemias acute.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- leukemias enamandla , ithuthuka kusukela ekuqaleni, amangqamuzana amancane, okuthiwa "ukuqhuma." Lezi zinsizwa ezincane zihlukanisa ngokushesha futhi lezi kansela zivame ukukhula ngokushesha kunama-leukemia angapheli.
I-Myelogenous vs. Lymphocytic
Ama-leukemi abuye ahlukaniswe nohlobo lwe-cell line abayitholayo.
I-lemonemia ye-Myelogenous ivela kumaseli ase-myeloid . Lesi sifo singaba nesifo esingelapheki noma esibucayi, esibizwa ngokuthi i-myelogenous leukemia (CML) nesifo esibucayi se-myelogenous (CML). Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-leukemia ye-myelogenous.
I-leukemia ye-lymphocytic ivela emangqamuzaneni elayini lymphoid cell egazini legazi. Lesi sifo singaba nzima noma singapheli, esibizwa ngokuthi i-lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) engapheli kanye ne-acute lymphocytic leukemia (AML).
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-leukemia lymphocytic.
Uma ufuna ulwazi oluthile uhlobo lwe-leukemia,
- I-leukemia engapheliyo ye-myelogenous
- I-myelogenous leukemia evamile
- I-lymphocytic leukemia engapheliyo
- I-leukemia elula ye-lymphocytic
Izimbangela Nezici Zengozi
Nakuba singazi ukuthi yini ebangelwa i-leukemia, abacwaningi baye babona izinkinga eziningana zobungozi.
Ezinye zazo ziyizici eziyingozi zokudlavuza, isibonelo, i-leukemia engapheli ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala, kanti i-lymphocytic acute leukemia ivame kakhulu ezinganeni. Labo abasengozini ye-leukemia bangafaka:
- Abantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-60, kodwa kungenzeka kubantu abasha
- Abantu ababhemayo (okungenani nge-leukemia e-myelogenous acute)
- Abantu abaye bathola i-chemotherapy yangaphambilini noma ukwelashwa kwama-radiation
- Abantu abanegciwane lesifo se-T-cell leukemia, igciwane elithinta ama-T-cell asakazwa ngokuhlanganyela izilinganiso futhi asetshenziselwa ukujova izidakamizwa; ngokusebenzisa ukumpontshelwa igazi; ngokuxhumana kocansi; futhi kusukela kumama kuya komntwana lapho ebeletha noma ngokubeletha
- Abantu abane- myelodysplastic syndrome , i-blood disorder
- Abantu abane- Down syndrome
- Abantu abanomlando womndeni wama-leukemia nama-lymphomas
Izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-leukemia zingenzeka ngokuzumayo noma kancane kancane. Izimpawu zibanzi, kepha kunezibonakaliso ezithile ze-leukemia ukugcina iso:
- Fever
- Izifo ezijwayelekile
- Ukulimala ngokweqile
- Ukukhathala
- Ukubekezelelana ngokomzimba
- Ubuhlungu besisu, noma ngokuvamile ukuzwa ukugcwala
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo okungenalutho
- Ukusuka okungavamile
- Ukwandiswa kwe- lymph nodes iphleen kanye / noma isibindi
- Ukungabi namandla
Ukuxilongwa
Udokotela angase asole ukuthi une-leukemia ngemuva kokuqeda umzimba noma uma ubika ukuthi unama-leukemia.
Kunezimo lapho i-leukemia ecatshangwa emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwegazi eyenziwe kwezinye izizathu. Kunezivivinyo eziningana udokotela angase azisebenzise ukuze ahlolwe i-leukemia , kusukela ekuhlolweni kwegazi kuya kumathinini omgogodla.
Ukuhlolwa Kwemvelo . Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, udokotela angase afune izibungu, izilonda zamagciwane ezivuvukala nezinye izinto ezingavamile noma izimpawu ze-leukemia. Umlando wezokwelapha ophelele uzothathwa futhi isiguli singakwazi ukubika umlando we-leukemia noma yiziphi izimpawu noma izici eziyingozi.
Izivivinyo zegazi. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, njengokuthi igazi eliphelele (CBC) lingathola i-leukemia. I-CBC inquma inani lamaseli abomvu obomvu, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, namaplatelet.
- I-blood smear ye-peripheral - inquma ukutholakala kwamaseli futhi yembula uhlobo nobukhulu bamaseli amhlophe egazi
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Cytogenic - ukuhlola kwegazi lapho isampula yegazi ihlolwe khona ukuhlola izinguquko kuma-chromosomes we-lymphocytes
- Okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlukile - ezinye izivivinyo zegazi zingalawulwa ukuthi zibone ukuthi izitho zisebenza kanjani futhi uma zithinteka yi-leukemia
I-Biopsy. I-biopsy yinkqubo lapho isampula yamaseli isuswa emzimbeni ukuze ihlolwe ngomdlavuza. I-bone marrow biopsy isetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-leukemia. I-needle enkulu ebhekwe isaliti ifakwe ku-hip noma, okungajwayelekile, ithambo lesifuba nesampula lesithambo lisuswe bese umnto we-bone usu-aspirated. Lezi zinto zihlolwe yi-pathologist. I-lymph node biopsy ingenziwa futhi kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-leukemia olusolakala.
I-Lumbar Ukunquma / Ithebhu Yomgogodla. Ukukhishwa kwe-lumbar noma ucingo lomgogodla kungenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe i-leukemia. Ngaphansi kokuhlinzekwa kwezidakamizwa zendawo, inani elincane lomkhuhlane wamagogasi lisuswa ezikhaleni phakathi kwe-vertebrae emgodleni. I-fluid iyabuye ihlolwe ngumhlengikazi.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia kuyahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-leukemia nesigaba sesifo. Ukwelapha kuvame ukufaka inhlanganisela yezindlela.
I-Chemotherapy. I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ezibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuvimbela amaseli ukuba ahlukane. I-Chemotherapy inganikezwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene , nge-IV ukumnika kanye nephilisi ejwayelekile. Uhlobo lwe-chemotherapy olunikezwa luncike esiteji kanye nohlobo lomdlavuza.
I-Radiation Therapy. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezithile zamandla ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza nokwehlisa izicubu. Leli gesi lingaba amagagasi noma izinhlayiya ezinjenge-protons, ama-electron, ama-x-rays nemigqa yama-gamma.
I-Biologic Therapy. Ukwelashwa kwe-biologic yindlela yokwelapha esebenzisa ulwazi oluthile lomdlavuza wokuqeda. Izinto ezenziwe ngumzimba noma ezenziwe ebhokisatri ziyasetshenziselwa ukukhulisa, ukuqondisa noma ukubuyisela ukuvikeleka kwemvelo komzimba ngokumelene nomdlavuza noma ukuvala ngokuqondile ukuhlukaniswa kwayo.
Ukuhlinzwa. Ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-spleen kuyindlela yokwelapha ye-leukemia engapheli. I-spleen iqoqa amangqamuzana e-leukemia, futhi aqoqa, okwenza ukuba i-spleen ikhulise. Iphutha elikhulisiwe lingabangela izinkinga eziningi.
I-Peripheral blood stem cell transplant noma i-transplant bone. Ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell kuyindlela yokwenza umkhiqizo ovamile womnkantsha obhujiswe ukwelashwa ngamanani aphezulu wezidakamizwa ze-anticancer noma imisebe. Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo kungase kube yi-autologous (amangqamuzana omuntu siqu agcinwe ngaphambi kokwelashwa), ama-allogeneic (ama-stem cells anikelwe omunye umuntu) noma ama-syngeneic (amasu amancane anikelwe yiwele elifanayo).
Ukuvimbela
Ngeshwa, azikho izindlela zokuvimbela i-leukemia. Okudabukisayo nakakhulu, eziningi zezinto ezibeka ingozi azikwazi ukugwema njengezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Asikwazi ukugwema ukuguga noma sibe nemibandela efana ne-Down's Syndrome. Kunezici ezithile eziyingozi esingakugwema lokho ezingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi ye-leukemia, njengokungafaki. Uma ubhema ugwayi, manje yisikhathi sokuyeka. Ukubhema kukubeka engozini yezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza, kuhlanganise ne-acute leukemia e-myelogenous. 1 kuzo zonke izimo ezingu-4 ze-AML zixhunywe nokubhema.
Ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho ku-benzene kunganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-leukemia. I-benzene iyi-chemical product-product of amalahle ne-petroleum, esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi i-petroli. Iphinde iqukethe kwezinye izinto ezifana nopende, izixazululo, amaplastiki, ama-pesticides, kanye ne-detergents. Abantu abasebenza ekukhiqizeni le mikhiqizo bangase bazibeke engozini ye-leukemia .
Imithombo:
I-National Cancer Institute. I-Leukemia - I-Health Professional Version (PDQ). http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp