I-stroke iyancipha ekugezeni kwegazi kuya esifundeni sobuchopho.
Igazi lithwala i-oksijeni nezakhi ezithinta igazi elibizwa nge-arteries. Noma yikuphi ukuyekethisa kokugeleza kwegazi okwegazi ebuchosheni kunciphisa ubuchopho bokudingeka oksijeni nezakhi. Lokhu kubangela ukulahlekelwa komsebenzi wengxenye yobuchopho obunikezwa umthambo othize. I-stroke ibonisa njengeqembu lezimpawu ezibangelwa ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi wengxenye yengqondo.
Ingxenye yobuchopho obathintekayo yi- stroke ihambisana nesitsha esithile segazi. Uma isitsha segazi sivinjiwe noma silimazwe ngenxa yokuvuza noma ukuphuka , lokhu kubangela ukuba igazi linciphise noma liyeke. Izindwangu zegazi ezinikeza ubuchopho zihambisana nengxenye yobuchopho, ngokulandela iphethini echazwe kahle. Ezinye izindawo zobuchopho zingase zithole igazi ezingeni elilodwa legazi, kepha ngokuvamile, isitsha esisodwa segazi sinikeza iningi legazi esifundeni esithile sobuchopho.
Okulandelayo luhlu lwemithambo yegazi, lapho elimale, ibangela isifo.
Izitsha zegazi zobuchopho
I-carotid arteries - Imishanguzo ye- carotid ikhona ngaphambili kwentamo futhi inikeza iningi legazi kulobuchopho, ikakhulukazi ngaphambili kobuchopho. I-carotid arteries iyintanyeni, ngakho-ke ifinyeleleke kakhulu kunemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni ngokwayo. Lokhu kuvumela odokotela ukuba bahlole impilo yemithambo ye-carotid besebenzisa imishini efana ne-ultrasound ukubona ukuthi imishanguzo ye-carotid incane noma inamakhemikhali amaningi akhiwe.
I-artery carotid ibuye ifinyeleleke kakhulu ukulungiswa kokuhlinzwa kunemithambo yegazi ejulile ebuchosheni.
Imishanguzo ye -vertebral- Imishanguzo ye-vertebral isemuva kwentanyeni futhi ihlinzeka igazi ngemuva kwengqondo. Imithambo ye-vertebral inikeza igazi engxenyeni encane yobuchopho, i- brainstem , kodwa yingxenye yobuchopho elawula imisebenzi yokusekela impilo njengokuphefumula nokulawula inhliziyo.
Umzila we-basilar - I-basilar artery ukuhlanganiswa kwemibhoshongo ye-vertebral ekujuleni nasekujuleni kobuchopho. Ihlinzeka ngegazi kwi-brainstem, elawula ukunyakaza kwamehlo kanye nemisebenzi yokusekela impilo.
I-arterial anterior artery - I- artery cerebral yangakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla yimizila yamagrethri angakwesobunxele nesokudla, ngokulandelana, futhi inikeza igazi esifundeni sangaphambili sobuchopho, esilawula ukuziphatha nemicabango.
Umthambo we-cerebral ephakathi - I- artery cerebral arteries iyigatsha le-artery yesokunxele nelungile, ngokulandelana. I- artery cerebral arteries ihlinzeka ngegazi ezindaweni ezibuchopho ezilawula ukunyakaza. Kukhona umthambo owodwa ophakathi we-cerebral umcibisholo ohlangothini lwesobunxele bobuchopho kanti omunye ngakwesokunene sobuchopho.
Umthambo we-cerebral posterior - I- artery posterior cerebral ishicilelo se-basilar. Umshini we-cerebral ophansi ngemuva kokupha igazi uhlinzeka igazi endaweni engakwesokudla yangakwesokunxele yobuchopho futhi umshini wesibhamu ongaphansi kwesobunxele ohlinzeka unikeza igazi endaweni engakwesokunxele kwesokunxele sobuchopho.
I-artery yokuxhumana engezansi - I-artery yokuxhumana ehamba phambili ivumela igazi ukuba ligeleze phakathi kwamarriridi aphansi okugcina kwesobunxele. Lokhu kunikeza umphumela wokuvikela.
Uma omunye wemisipha ye-cerebral posterior iba encane encane, umthambo wokuxhumana ohamba phambili ungakhokha ngokunciphisa okuncane ngokuhlinzeka ngegazi ngaphesheya, njengomhubhe noma ibhuloho.
Umshini wokuxhumana wangaphakathi - I-artery yokuxhumana yangaphakathi ixhumano phakathi kwe-artery cerebral yangaphakathi nangakwesokunxele. Lesi sitsha segazi, njenge-artery yokuxhumana ehamba phambili, sinikeza isixhumanisi phakathi kwemisipha ye-cerebral yangaphakathi nangakwesobunxele, enikeza umphumela wokuzivikela ekunciphiseni okuncane komkhakha owodwa ngokuvumela ukwabelana ngegazi kusuka ngakolunye uhlangothi.
I-ophthalmic- I-arthritis ye-ophthalmic ihlinzeka igazi emehlweni futhi ngaleyo ndlela inikeze izakhi ezibalulekile embonweni nasekuhambeni kwamehlo.
Ukubuyisela - I-artery retinal yimizila encane yegazi ehlinzeka ngegazi engxenyeni encane kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu iso elibizwa ngokuthi i-retina. Thola okungaphezulu mayelana nokushaya kwesifo se-retinal .
Lapho indawo yobuchopho ingenalo ukwanela kwegazi, isifo sohlangothi singase senzeke. Izimpawu ezihlangene zisiza abahlinzeki bezempilo ukuthi banqume indawo yokushaywa kwesisu nokuthi yisiphi isitsha segazi esithintekayo. Lokhu kungasiza ekwelapheni isikhathi eside nesikhathi esifushane sokwelapha kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha.
Imithombo
UMartin Samuels noDavid Feske, I-Office Practice of Neurology, 2 Edition, uChurchill Livingston, 2003