Kukhona inani elilodwa lama-cranial neva. Lezi zinzwa ziphuma ekugcineni kobuchopho, futhi zigijima ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zobuso nekhanda. Amagciwane omzimba enza imisebenzi ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ukuzwa futhi ukulawula ukunyakaza kwesibuso, ukuqala ukucabanga okuvikelayo.
Izinzwa ze-cranial zisengozini ngesikhathi sezinhlungwini zekhanda ngoba eziningi zazo zigijima phezu kobuso be-skull futhi ziyavikelwa kuphela izicathulo nezicubu ebusweni.
Ukulimala okufake isandla, ukulimaza nokugaya kungakwazi ukwelula, ukuphuka noma ukusika ngaphansi kwenzwa. Amathambo ebuso nobuhlungu obuchotshoziwe angalimaza izinzwa. Imiphumela ye-cranial nerve injury kungenzeka ibe yesikhashana noma ingapheli, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lokulimala.
Imisebenzi ye-Cranial Nerve
Njengoba izinzwa zomzimba ezincane zilawula imisebenzi ebonakalayo njengokuhamba kwamehlo, ukuhlafuna nokumomotheka, umonakalo ungabonakala futhi uzizwe lapho umsebenzi ohlangene wezinzwa ushintshiwe. Nakhu okushiwo yi-12 cranial neerve, futhi yini engase ilahleke uma inzwa yalimala:
Mina okunye: inikeza umuzwa wokuhogela
I-Optic II: ikhuluma ngolwazi olubukwayo kusukela iso kuya ebuchosheni
I-Oculomotor ye-III: ilawula ukunyakaza okuningi kwamehlo namajwabu amehlo; futhi ilawula ubukhulu bezingane ekuphenduleni ukukhanya.
I-IV Trochlear: ilawula ukuhamba kwamehlo phansi nangaphakathi emphunjini
V Trigeminal: ukhuluma ukuzwa kokuthinta ubuso; futhi ilawula imisipha yokuhlafuna
I-VI iyabamba: ilawula ukunyakaza okuphelele kwe-eyeball
VII Ubuso: kushukumisa imisipha eyenza isimo sobuso; inikeza umqondo wokunambitheka phambi kokubili kwezintathu zolimi.
I-VIII I-Auditory-vestibular: inikeza umuzwa wokuzwa, futhi ibuye ikhulume ngolwazi ngesimo somzimba esikhaleni sobuchopho.
IX Glossopharyngeal: ilawula imisipha ye-throat, izigulane ezisezingeni eliphansi, futhi inikeza ukwaziswa okunambitheka emlandweni wesithathu; izinzwa zishintsha ekucindezelekeni kwegazi futhi zikhuluma lokho ebuchosheni ukuze ziphendule.
I-X Vagus: ilawula inhliziyo, amaphaphu nezitho zangasese
I-XI Ukutholakala Kwamanzi Emzimbeni: ilawula imisipha nemisipha yentamo.
XII Hypoglossal: uhambisa ulimi futhi akwazi ukukhuluma
Kusobala ukuthi lezi zinzwa zilawula imisebenzi ebalulekile yekhanda, ubuso, nentamo. Ngenkathi ngezinye izikhathi umonakalo ubonakala ngokushesha, kungathatha amahora ukuya ezinsukwini ukukhubazeka ukubonakala. Isibonelo, uma kukhona i-clot yegazi ekhulayo ecindezelayo emantanjeni we-cranial futhi inzwa iqala ukufa, lokhu kungathatha isikhathi ukukhombisa.
Kubukeka Kanjani Ukulimala?
Enye yezinzwa ezivame ukulimala ngesikhathi sokuhlukunyezwa kwekhanda yi-Cranial Nerve I, i-nerf olfactory. Ukulimala kule nerve akuthinti nje umqondo wokuhogela kodwa futhi nokukwazi ukunambitha ukudla ngoba iphunga liyingxenye ebalulekile yokunambitha.
Uma i-nerve ebusweni ibonakalisiwe, i-cranial nerve VII, uhlangothi olulodwa lwesbuso ngeke lukwazi ukwenza izinkulumo, futhi ukunambitheka kungashintshwa. Ukulimala kule nzwa kuyadabukisa ngoba kuphazamisa enye yezinto esizibheke kakhulu kuzo izinhlobo zokukhuluma, futhi kuthinta isithombe somuntu siqu.
I-nertic optic , i-cranial nerve II, ingalimala yi-skull fractures. Uma i-sheared, iholela ekumpumputhe okuhlala unomphela esweni elithintekayo.
Lezi zibonelo ezimbalwa nje. Inzwa ngayinye ibonisa izimpawu ezihlukile ngemva kokulimala.
Ukwelapha
Uma i-nerve cranial ihlukaniswe ngokuphelele, ayikwazi ukulungiswa. Kodwa-ke, uma welulekile noma ephazamisekile kodwa isisindo sihlala sinyene, singabuyela. Lokhu kuthatha isikhathi futhi kungabangela izimpawu ezihlukahlukene ezingathandeki kubandakanya ukugubha nobuhlungu. Lezi zimpawu ziyisibonakaliso esihle sokuthi isisindo siyaphulukisa.
I-Steroids ingasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emndenini we-cranial. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kunesidingo uma iqoqo legazi, elibizwa ngokuthi i-hematoma, licindezela izinzwa futhi liholela ekukhubazeni noma ukungasebenzi.
Izazi ze-neurosurgeons zinezici ezikhethekile kanye nokungenelela okubhekana nalolu hlobo lomonakalo wezinzwa futhi kufanele kuxoxwe.
Imithombo:
Bhargava, P., Gupta, B., Grewal, S., Jain, V., Gupta, P., Jhawar, S., & Sobti, H. (2012). Ama-palsies amaningi we-nerve ngemuva kokulimala kwekhanda. Umbiko wecala. I-Indian Journal Of Neurotrauma , 9 (2), 129-132. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.mhlaka.2012.11.003
Cox, C., Boswell, G., McGrath, A., Reynolds, T., & Cole, E. (2004). Umonakalo wezinzwa ezinkulu. Umhlengikazi Ophuthumayo , 12 (2), 14-21 8p.
I-Finsterer, J., & Grisold, W. (2015). Ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa eziphansi ze-cranial. Journal Of Neurosciences In Practice Rural , 6 (3), 377-391. doi: 10.4103 / 0976-3147.158768