Isifundo se-CDC sigcizelela ukuhlukana emngciphekweni owaziwayo nongokoqobo
Ukulimala kwe-Needlestick-kanye nanoma yikuphi ukulimala okungahambi kahle okungabonakalisa umuntu egazini noma egazini lomzimba-sekuyisikhathi eside kukhathazeka kubo bobabili abasebenzi bezempilo kanye nomphakathi jikelele.
Iziningi zezinkathazo ziye zaphawulwa yimbiko yabezindaba engaba yingozi kakhulu yokuthola i-HIV ngokusebenzisa ukulimala kwezingubo noma izigameko zokukhanya lapho izisulu zibikwa ukuthi "ziphila ngokwesaba" ngemuva kokuba zithole ukwehliswa okunjalo (kuhlanganise nesigameko esibikiwe ngo-2013 lapho owesifazane waseMichigan wamangalela u-Etihad Airways ngemuva kokuzibopha ngesaliti esilahlekile ekhanda esitokisini).
Ngenkathi ukuqonda kweengozi kungase kube phezulu yizimo zokulimala kwesidingo, ukuhlaziywa kwamuva ku- Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) kuphakamisa ukuthi ingozi yangempela ingase ibe ephansi kakhulu-eqinisweni, ukuthi manje ingabhekwa njengingavamile .
Ukubuza "Izinkulungwane Ezinkulungwaneni" Ukulinganisa
Esifundweni esivame ukukhulunywa ngaso ngo-1989, abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi ingozi yokuthola igciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngokulimala okunye okubandakanya igazi elinegazi le-HIV yayingamaphesenti angu-0.32, noma amacala angama-3 avela kokulimala okungu-1 000.
Leli nani liye lahlala liqinile ekuqapheliseni iziphathimandla zempilo yomphakathi, naphezu kobufakazi obukhulayo bokuthi ukulinganiselwa "kwezinkulungwane ezintathu kwezingu-1000" kuhambisana neziguli ezingasetshenzisiwe ezivela emkhakheni wokugcina, izifo eziphawulekayo -isimo esenzeka kakhulu ngo-1989-kunokuba Ukulinganisela okusekelwe ngokulimala kwesidingo kuphela.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta okwenziwe ngo-2006 kuqinisekiswe kakhulu lokho kungabaza.
Ekuhloliseni izifundo ezingu-21 ezahlukene, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ukulinganisa okuhlanganisiwe kwakusikisela ukuthi ingozi yokuthola i-HIV yayingaphezu kwemigqa engu-0.13% uma ukulimala kwesidingo kwakuwukuphela kwengozi yokufaka ingozi. Ngesikhathi kuphela isiguli esiphethwe yisifo sengculaza-okungukuthi, i- CD4 count engaphansi kuka-200 cells / mL kanye / noma isifo esichaza ingculaza -ngabe ukulinganiselwa kufike ku-0.37%.
Yayiyini, mhlawumbe, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuyiqaphela ukuthi, kwezifundo ezingu-21 ezibuyekezwe, 13 zaphetha ingozi yangempela ye-0%. Ukungalingani okunjalo emcwaningweni kwaholela ekwandiseni ukungqubuzana okwakuseduze kakade nenkinga yesandulela ngculaza ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo .
I-CDC ihlola Amacala Aqinisekisiwe Nokusolakala
Ngomhla kaJanuwari 9, 2015 we- Morbidity and Mortality Weekly , izikhulu ze-CDC zikhomba ukuthi izigameko ezingama-58 ziqinisekisile futhi zingu-150 ezenzekayo ze-HIV phakathi komnyaka ka-1985 no-2013.
Amacala aqinisekisiwe yilabo abasebenza khona isisebenzi sezempilo besungulwa ukuthi banesandulela ngculazi ngenkathi isiguli esiphezulu siboniswa ukuthi sinesandulela ngculazi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izimo ezingenzeka kungenzeka yilapho isimo se-HIV somthombo wesiguli esingaziwa singaziwa noma akukho isixhumanisi esibhaliwe esasungulwa phakathi kwesisebenzi sezempilo kanye nesiguli somthombo.
Lo mbiko uqhubeka ngokusho ukuthi, kusukela ngo-1999, icala elilodwa eliqinisekisiwe lokuthola i-HIV elitholakale lisebenze liye labikwa ku-CDC. (Leso cala sasihilela umcwaningi welebhu, ngo-2008, owayesebenza ngesimo se-HIV esibukhoma.)
Ezimweni ezingu-58 eziqinisekisiwe, konke okwakunezinyanga ezine kwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka ka-1985 no-1995, ngaphambi nje kokufika kwe- antiretroviral therapy (ART) nokukhululwa kwemikhombandlela yokuqala yase-US yokusetshenziswa kwe- post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) uma kwenzeka ukuvezwa kwe-HIV ngengozi.
Ngenkathi umbiko we-CDC ungayinciphisi ukubaluleka kwe-PEP ezimweni zokudinga izinsizakalo nezinye izinto ezilimazayo, kuphakamisa ukuthi, ngamazwi abacwaningi, " ukwelashwa okubanzi nokwedlule ukunciphisa imithwalo yegciwane lesiguli" kuye kwafaka cishe cishe ukunciphisa ukunciphisa ingozi ye-HIV ngokubambisana nokuhweba emsebenzini.
> Imithombo:
> Inkantolo YesiFunda sase-United States, esifundeni saseMpumalanga saseMichigan, esifundazweni saseNingizimu. " UJANE DOE noJohn DOE, indoda nomfazi, abaphikisi, u-ETIHAD AIRWAYS , i-PJSC, uMsolwa." Grand Rapids, eMichigan; Okthoba 15, 2013; kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 20, 2015.01.20
> Becker, C .; Isikhombi, J .; kanye noGerberding, J. "Ukutheleleka emsebenzini ngokutheleleka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi (i-HIV). Imithi Yangaphakathi Yonyaka . Ngo-Ephreli 15, 1989; 110 (8): 653-656.
> Baggaley, R .; Boily, M .; I-White, R .; et al. "Ingozi yokudluliswa kwe-HIV-1 yokuvezwa kwamazinyo kanye nokumpompela igazi." AIDS. Ngo-Ephreli 4, 2006; 20 (6): 805-812.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). " Amanothi avela eNsimu: Ukutholakala Kwegciwane lesandulela Ngculaza Elingenayo Ngomsebenzi Phakathi Kwezempilo - I-United States, ngo-1985-2013." Ukulimala nokufa Ukubika ngeviki. NgoJanuwari 9, 2015; 63 (53): 1245-1246.
> CDC. "Ukubuyekezwa Kwezinkombandlela Zesevisi Zempilo Yomphakathi e-US yokuPhathwa kwamaSebenzi we-HIV kanye nezincomo ze-Postexposure Prophylaxis." Ukubikwa Kwamaviki nokufa kweMasonto onke. Ngo-September 30, 2005; 54 (RR09): 1-17.