I-HTLV iyi-retrovirus ehlasela amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (T-cells noma i-lymphocytes) elwa nezifo. Abantu abaningi abayizigidi ezingu-10-20 banesifo, kodwa abaningi abazi.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-HTLV, I no-II. Lezi amagciwane zihlobene. Ngesinye isikhathi, enye igciwane lesandulela ngculaza elinesifo se-T seli selibizwa nge-HTLV-III, kodwa lokhu kwakungalungile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi igciwane elisha liye labizwa nge-HTLV-3.
I-HTLV-I itholakala kaningi eCaribbean naseJapane, kanye nalabo abanamakhosi aseNingizimu Melika, e-Australia, e-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. EJapane, i-HTLV-1 ingatholakala ku-1 kwabangu-100 abaxhasi begazi, kodwa ezindaweni ezingathinteki kakhulu, kuze kube ngu-1 kuya kwezingu-10 ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40.
Kukhona amaqoqo okutheleleka lapho amazinga okungenani ama-1-2% kodwa angafinyelela ku-20-40% kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, njengoba ingozi yokutheleleka ikhula ngokukhula. Lezi zindawo zihlakazekile emhlabeni wonke - ezivela eCaribbean, ikakhulukazi izingxenye zaseJamica naseHaiti, kanye nezingxenye zaseColombia naseFrance Guyana, ezingxenyeni ezisemaphandleni nasentshonalanga ye-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zase-Iran, kanye neRomania, EJapane, nakwabanye ama-Aboriginal ase-Australia. Kube khona amaqoqo amancane phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika-aseMelika avela eningizimu yaseningizimu kanye nalabo abavela eNingizimu Afrika eCaribbean eBrooklyn.
Kukhona amaphakheji phakathi kwabasebenzisi bezidakamizwa abane, njengaseLouisana.
I-HTLV-2 itholakala ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu bokuqala, ikakhulukazi amaMelika aseMelika nama-Amerindiya eBrazil nasePanama. Amanani ayephakeme kakhulu ngaphezu kokungu-1 kwayishumi phakathi kwabantu abathile kwezinye izindawo zokubhuka eningizimu yeFlorida futhi oyedwa kwabayishumi kuma-American donors blood donors eNew Mexico.
Kungani le ndaba?
I-HTLV ingaba yisifo esithathelwanayo, kodwa kwabanye, singabangela izinkinga ezithile zezempilo ezibucayi.
I-HTLV-1 ingaholela emdlalweni, izinkinga zemisipha, nezinye izifo. Iningi, noma kunjalo, ngeke libe nezimpawu; mhlawumbe u-1-4% uzokwakhiwa nomdlavuza, ngokuvamile phakathi kweminyaka engama-30-50 emva kweminyaka engamashumi eminyaka yokutheleleka.
I-HTLV-1
I-Adult T-cell leukemia / i-lymphoma (i-ATL)
Iphrezentheshini ingaba yinkimbinkimbi, ipholile, noma ingavamile - noma, ngamanye amazwi, ingase ingabuyi ngokuzumayo kodwa ibe nokwakhiwa kancane. Kukhona amazinga aphezulu e-calcium egazini, okungaba yingozi kakhulu ezinso noma isimo sengqondo sesiguli. Kungaba khona ama-lymph nodes amakhulu (ikakhulukazi esifubeni ku-mediastinum), ama-liver amakhulu kanye nama-spleens, namaphutha amathambo lapho ithambo liphukile khona, kungase kube nokubandakanyeka kwesikhumba, emaphaphu, kanye namathumbu.
I-HTLV-1 Ehlanganisiwe iMyelopathy / i-paraparesis ye-tropical spastic (HAM / TSP)
Lesi sifo yi-Myelopathy okusho ukuthi intambo yomgogodla ibonakaliswe yisifo. Kungabangela ubuthakathaka obuqhubekayo bemisipha, ikakhulu emilenzeni. Lokhu kungase kuqale phakathi kweminyaka engama-30-50 futhi kungavamile kubantwana.
Ngokuvamile kuqala ngokubuthakathaka okuncane kancane futhi okuqhubekayo komlenze nokulahlekelwa kwemizwelo. Lokhu kungase kubonakale sengathi "izikhonkwane nezinaliti" - njengomlenze wakho ulele. Abanye bangase babe nezinkinga zokuvuthwa futhi badinga ukuhamba njalo, abanye bangase babe nezinkinga zesilonda noma ukungasebenzi kwamandla erectile.
Abanye banezinhlungu emuva nobuhlungu emilenzeni yabo. Abaningi banezifo zesikhumba ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Kungabuye kuhlotshaniswe nokuvuvukala kwamehlo noma amehlo omile (uveitis noma keratoconjunctivitis sicca), ubuhlungu obuhlangene (i-arthritis), ukuphuza amaphaphu (pulmonary lymphocytic alveolitis), nokubuthakathaka kwamasipha nokuvuvukala (polymyositis).
Izifo Ezingavamile: Abantu abane-HTLV-1 banelungelo lokutheleleka kwezifo ezithile. I-worm Strongyloides ivame emhlabeni wonke; ingaba isifo esikhulu kubantu abane-HTLV-1. Kuye kwafunyanwa ukuthi ukutheleleka kungahlanganiswa ne-infective dermatitis - izifo zesikhumba, ikakhulukazi i-eczema engapheli ehlanganiswe ne-Staphylococcus aureus ne-streptococcus.
I-HTLV-2
Imiphumela ye-HTLV-2 ayicacile kancane. Liye lahlanganiswa nohlobo lwe-leukemia (isisindo esinomsoco) kodwa ingozi ayicacile.
I-HTLV ihanjiswa kanjani?
- ngokuqondile (kusuka kumama kuya komntwana 5%, ngokuvamile ngokuncelisa ingane)
- ngokobulili
- ukumpontshelwa igazi
- ukwabelana ngezinaliti kanye nemivimbo
Akusakazwa ngokuxhumana okungajwayelekile. Ivame ukusabalalisa emindenini.
Ukwelapha
Ayikho imithi yokugoma, kodwa kukhona umsebenzi wokuthola umgomo. Ayikho ukwelashwa okuqondile noma ukwelashwa kwegciwane. I-disorder disorder iphathwe ngokuphawulekayo. Umdlavuza, i-ATLL, uphathwa ngabachwepheshe bomdlavuza nge-chemotherapy ethize kanye nokuguquka komnyofu we-bone. Izifo ziphathwa nge-antimicrobial ethize.