Ukwelashwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza eNew Nile kuxhomeke ekucindezeni kokugula okubangela. Kungabangela ububanzi be-syndromes emitholampilo, kusuka ekuguleni okufana nomkhuhlane (noma kungekho izimpawu nakancane) ezifweni ezisongela ukuphila kwezinhliziyo nge- meningitis noma i- encephalitis .
Hlola okuvame ukuphakanyiswa kuzo zombili izimo, kanye namathiphu okuvimbela nokuningi.
Izifo ZaseNtshonalanga ZaseNtshonalanga
Abantu abakha isikhala esincane somkhuhlane waseNtshonalanga Nile bavame ukuthola inhlanganisela ethile yomkhuhlane, ama-muscle aches, ikhanda, ubuchopho nokukhathala, umkhuhlane, kanye nezinkinga zomzimba ezinokwenzeka.
Laba bantu bavame ukuzitholela "ukushisa okubandayo ehlobo," futhi baziphathe ngezindlela ezijwayelekile ngokuphumula, ukushintsha kwamanzi, kanye nama-analgesics. Odokotela abavamile ukuhileleka, futhi abantu abane-TB eNew Nile ukuvame ukuphumula ngokugcwele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Izifo ezithintekayo eNew West Nile
Ngeshwa, igciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile lingabangela nokugula okubi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ihlasela isimiso sezinzwa zomphakathi futhi ibangele i-meningitis noma i-encephalitis. Abantu abanaleli fomu lokutheleleka bangathola imfiva ephakeme kakhulu, ukukhubazeka, ukudideka, ukugubha, ukuhlaselwa, nokufa. Ukwelashwa okudabukisayo kumuntu onokutheleleka ngegciwane lesifo se-West Nile kuyimpoqo.
Ukwelashwa kwabantu abanezifo ezithinta kakhulu igciwane lesandulela ngculazi eNew Nile ikakhulukazi kusekela.
Lokhu kungukuthi, izinyathelo ezinonya zithathwa ukuze zinciphise umkhuhlane, zigcine amazinga we-hydration, futhi zilondoloze ukuzinza komzimba nezomzimba-ngenkathi zilindele izimpendulo zomzimba zomzimba ekugcineni zicacise ukutheleleka. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zingadinga ukwelashwa enyunithi yokunakekelwa okukhulu, mhlawumbe ngamasonto noma ngaphezulu.
Imithi ye-antiviral
Ukwelashwa kwe-antiviral akubonwanga ekuvivinyweni kwemitholampilo ukuze kube nenzuzo elinganiselwe kubantu abanezifo ezinzima zegciwane lesigciwane se-West Nile. Kodwa-ke, eziningana zalezi zonyango ziye zazama, futhi kukhona imibiko ye-anecdotal yokuhlomula.
Ama-anti-antiviral azame ukufaka:
- I-Ribavarin : Izinzuzo zalesi sidakamizwa ngegciwane lesigodi saseNtshonalanga Nile ziyinhloko-ingakaze iboniswe ukuthi isebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane. Ngesilingo esisodwa esingalawulwa umtholampilo ngesikhathi i-West Nile isuka ku-Israyeli, lesi sidakamizwa sitholakale singasebenzi.
- I-immunoglobulin engathandabuzi: Nalapha futhi, inzuzo engaba khona nge- immunoglobulin (IVIG) ene-intravenous isoretical . Ukwenza ama-antibodies (immunoglobulin) ngegciwane lesigceme saseWest Nile kucatshangwa ukuthi yiyona ndlela eyinhloko abantu abayichitha ngayo igciwane, ngakho-ke banikeza i-IVIG equkethe amazinga aphakeme e-anti-West Nile antibodies "okufanele" asebenze. Ngeshwa, ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuphela okungahleliwe okwenzelwe ukuhlola umphumela we-IVIG wegciwane lesigodi saseNtshonalanga kwahluleka ukukhombisa inzuzo.
- I-Interferon. I-Interferon ibonakala iyasebenza ngokumelene negciwane lesigodi saseNtshonalanga uma ihlolwe kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Kodwa kuphela imibiko embalwa ehlakazekile yokuzuzwa kweziguli eziphathwe nge-interferon kubikwa; enye imibiko iphakamise ukuthi i-interferon ingaba yingozi.
Njengoba kunikezwe lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho ngemishanguzo ye-antiviral, singasho kuphela ukuthi le ndlela ayizange ibe yithembisa ngokukhethekile. Ngakho ukunakekelwa okusekelwayo kuyisisekelo esilandelayo sokwelashwa kwezifo zengculazi eNew West.
Ukuvimbela
"Ukwelashwa" okungcono kunazo zonke zegciwane le-West Nile kuyisivikelo. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwegciwane le-West Nile zifaka:
- Izinhlelo zokulawula umiyane. Izinhlelo zokulawula umiyane zingasetshenziswa ukuqeda izingosi zokuzalisa umiyane, futhi ama-larvicidal angaphathwa ukuze abulale izimpungushe zomumyo ngaphambi kokuba abe ngabantu abadala. Izinyathelo zezempilo zomphakathi ezinjalo, uma zisetshenziswe ngendlela ehlelekile, ziye zaboniswa ukuthi zikhawulele kakhulu izigameko zokutheleleka kwe-West Nile eminye imiphakathi.
- Izinyathelo zokuvikela zomuntu siqu. Kumele ugcine impahla yakho icwecwe ngamachibi angenalutho noma ama-puddles angaba yizindawo zokuzalanisa umiyane. Ngaphandle kokuphuma ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi ngehora lesithupha noma ekuseni lapho ama-mosquito ejwayele ukusebenza kakhulu, kufanele usebenzise izidakamizwa ezigcwalayo, futhi ugcine isikhumba sakho sikhishwe ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Izinhlelo zokuhlola i-Blood donor. Emazweni amaningi athuthukile, ukunikela ngemikhiqizo yegazi kuhlolwe ukutholakala kwegciwane le-West Nile ngaphambi kokuthi lidluliswe. Lokhu kucatshangwa kucatshangwa ukuthi kunciphise kakhulu ingozi yokuthola igciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile ekumpompheni kwegazi (futhi leyo ngozi yayisencane kakhulu endaweni yokuqala).
Ukugonywa
Imizamo ekhuthele kakhulu isanda ukuthuthukisa imithi yokulwa negciwane le-West Nile. Eqinisweni, imishanguzo eminingi isivele ilayisensi yamahhashi (okungase futhi agula kakhulu ngegciwane le-West Nile). Kodwa-ke, ukuthola ukwamukelwa kokusetshenziswa komuntu, nalokhu noma olunye ukwelashwa, kuyinkqubo ekhudlwana kakhulu futhi echitha isikhathi kunesilwane.
Noma kunjalo, imithi eminingi yokuvikela igciwane le-West Nile manje ihlolwe, futhi imibiko yokuqala ibonisa ukuthi okungenani ezinye zazo ziqinisekile. Kodwa ayikho eminye imithi yokugoma eyaqala ukuhlolwa kweSigaba 3 (ukugcina, isinyathelo eside ngaphambi kokugunyazwa kwe-FDA), futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kungabikho umuthi wokugoma waseWest Nile ozovunyelwa ukusetshenziswa kwabantu ngaphambi kuka-2020, ekuqaleni.
> Imithombo:
> Dayan GH, Bevilacqua J, Coleman D, et al. Isigaba Ii, Ukukhishwa Kwezintambo Ukufundwa Kwezokuphepha Nokuzivocavoca Kwesifo Esingashadile Isidlo SaseNtshonalanga Nile Kubantu Abadala Abanempilo ≥ Iminyaka Engama-50 Eminyaka. Umgomo we-2012; 30: 6656.
> Lothrop HD, i-Lothrop BB, i-Gomsi DE, et al. Izikhathi Zokuqala Zokuqala Izicelo ze-Adulticide Yehlisa Ukudluliswa Kwe-Arbovirus Kuwo wonke i-Coachella Valley, i-Riverside County, eCalifornia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2008; 8: 475.
> Morrey JD, Day CW, Julander JG, et al. Umphumela We-Interferon-Alpha Ne-Interferon-Inducers On Virus Nile YaseNtshonalanga KuMouse Ne-Hamster Amamodeli Ezilwane. I-Antivir Chem Chemother 2004; 15: 101.