I-Keratoconus yisimo sezokwelapha esibangela ukuthi i-cornea ikhuphuke ngaphandle. I-cornea iyisakhiwo esicacile, esifana nesimo sezulu esifundeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-cornea iba mkhulu futhi igxile kakhulu. I-Keratoconus igama lesiGreki elisho "i-cornea efana ne-cone." Ngesimo, i-cornea iba yombumbulu, futhi umbono ubonakala uphambene kakhulu futhi uphazamiseke.
I-Keratoconus ijwayele ukuqala ukukhombisa eminyakeni yeminyaka eyishumi nambili namazinga aphelile ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40. Abantu bangase bangazi ukuthi banezinyathelo zokuqala. Nakuba i-keratoconus ibonakala sengathi ibuhlungu kwelinye iso, ngokuvamile kuyisimo esenzeka emehlweni womabili. Uma i-keratoconus iqhubeka, umbono ubonakala uphazamisekile futhi uphazamiseke. Umbono uyaba nzima ngoba njengoba i-cornea bulges phambili, i-astigmatism engavamile kanye ne-nearsightedness ithuthuka. Njengoba isimo sithuthuka, ukonakala kwe-corneal kungase kwenzeke, okwenza kube khona ukulahleka kombono. Ezinye iziguli ezine-keratoconus zibona umbono uguquguquka njalo lapho abanye bebona kuphela izinguquko esikhathini esiyiminyaka.
Abantu abane-keratoconus bavame ukukhononda ukuthi umbono awuthuthukiswanga okuningi ngezibuko zeso. Kwezinye izimo, i-cornea ingaqhubekela phambili futhi ibe mncane kakhulu kangangokuthi ukubonakala kungabonakali, kungabonakali umbono. Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-cornea ingakwazi ukukhohlisa, okwenza umbono onciphile noma ngisho nobuphuzi.
Izimbangela ze-Keratoconus
Isizathu esiqondile se-keratoconus kuyinto encane yemfihlakalo. Noma kunjalo, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izakhi zofuzo, imvelo kanye namahomoni kungathonya ukuthi kungani abanye abantu behlakulela i-keratoconus.
I-Genetics: Kucatshangwa ukuthi abanye abantu baneziphambeko zofuzo ezibangela amaprotheni athile e-cornea ukuba abe buthakathaka.
Lezi zindwangu zisebenza ukugcina i-cornea ndawonye igcina isakhiwo sayo esicacile, esifanana nesimo sezulu. Lapho lezi zindwangu zibuthakathaka, i-cornea iqala ukuqhuma phambili. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zidlala indima ephawulekayo ekeratoconus ngoba, ngezikhathi ezithile, isihlobo sizophinde sakha i-keratoconus.
Indawo: Abantu abanesifo se-keratoconus bavame ukuba ne-allergies, ikakhulukazi izifo ezithathelwanayo ezifana ne- hay fever , i-asthma, i-eczema, nokudla kokudla. Ngokuthakazelisayo, iziguli eziningi ezakha i-keratoconus zinomlando wokugubha amehlo okukhulu. Abanye balaba bantu banesifo sofuba kanti abanye abakwenzi, kodwa bavame ukugubha amehlo abo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi leli gama elinamandla elinokugubha lingalimaza i-cornea, okwenza ukuba i-keratoconus ikhule. Enye inkolelo ethandwayo kakhulu mayelana nokuthi kungani i-keratoconus ingcindezi ye-oxidative. Ngesizathu esithile, abantu abahlakulela i-keratoconus banciphisa ama-antioxidants ngaphakathi kwe-cornea. Lapho i-cornea ingenayo i-antioxidants eyanele, i-collagen ngaphakathi kwe-cornea iba buthakathaka futhi i-cornea iqala ukuqhubekela phambili. Ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative kungabangelwa izici ezinjenge-rubbing eye noma kwezinye izimo, ukuvezwa kwe-ultraviolet ngokweqile.
Izimbangela ze-hormonal: Ngenxa yokuthi iminyaka iqala keratoconus, kucatshangwa ukuthi ama-hormone angadlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwawo.
Kuvamile ukuthi i-keratoconus ikhule ngemuva kokukhulelwa. Kuye kwabhalwa ukuthi kuthuthukiswe noma kuqhubekele phambili kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Keratoconus
Ngokuvamile, abantu abanekeratoconus yokuqala baqala ukuthuthukisa i-astigmatism. I-Astigmatism ibangelwa i- cornea ene-oblong shape, njengebhola, esikhundleni se-shape eyindilinga, njengobhasikidi.
I-cornea ene-astigmatism inezinhlangothi ezimbili, ijika elilodwa lendawo, nelinye eliphakeme. Lokhu kubangela izithombe ukuthi zivele zihlanekezele ngaphezu kokubonakala okufiphala. Kodwa-ke, lezi ziguli zivame ukubuyela ehhovisi labo optometrist ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngokukhononda ukuthi umbono wabo ubonakala ushintshile.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-cornea kancane kancane iba yinkimbinkimbi, ukubhekwa okubonakalayo kubuye kutholakale njalo. Ukuzibona ngeso lengqondo kubangela izinto ukuba zifinyelele kude.
Odokotela bamehlo balinganisa ubukhulu be-cornea nge-keratometer. Angase abone ukunyuka kancane kancane kwesikhathi, futhi ukuhlolwa kwezinto zokuqamba kwezithombe kuzokwaziswa. I-corneal topographer iyindlela yokusebenzisa i-computer yokuma ukuma nokuqina kwe-cornea. I-corneal topographer ikhiqiza ibalazwe lombala elikhombisa izindawo ezinamandla emishweni eshisayo, embala obomvu nasezindaweni ezihlabayo ezinemibala epholile, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-Topography izobonisa ngokujwayelekile ukwehla okuphansi kwe-cornea. Ngezinye izikhathi ukudweba kwezithombe kuzobonisa ukufana kwe-asymmetry phakathi kwesigamu esiphezulu se-cornea nengxenye engezansi ye-cornea.
Kanye nokuhlolisiswa kwamehlo okuphelele , odokotela bezinso bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwesibani sotshani ngokusebenzisa i-bio-microscope ekhethekile yokuhlola i-cornea. Ngokuvamile, iziguli ze-keratoconus zizoba nemigqa emihle e-cornea yabo ebizwa nge-Vogt's striae. Futhi, isiyingi somswakama wensimbi nxazonke se-cornea singase sibonakale.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Keratoconus
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha i-keratoconus kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu besimo.
Ama-lens astigmatism othintana ne-soft: Ezinyathelweni zokuqala ze-keratoconus, i-lens toric soft may begqoke. I-lens toric iyilensi elungisa i-astigmatism. I-lens ithambile, kodwa iqukethe amandla amabili: amandla amabili kanye namandla ahlukene angama-90 degrees away.
Igesi elimnyama elikwazi ukuxhumana lamalensi: Ezigabeni ezilinganiselwe ze-keratoconus, i-lens egxilile ye-lens enmeable igqokwe. I-lens egxilile yensiza ephazamisekayo inikeza indawo elukhuni, ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwe-corneal kungafakwa. Njengoba i-keratoconus iqhubekela phambili, kungase kube nzima kakhulu ukugqoka i-lens egxilile yegesi ngenxa yokuhamba ngokweqile kwe-lens kanye nokwenyuka kwe-lens. Amagesi amancane angagcwele amalensi amancane amancane, ngokuvamile aphakathi kwamamitha angu-8-10 ububanzi futhi ahambe kancane nge-ijwabu leso.
Amalensi okuthintana ama- hybrid : Amalensi okuxhumana anama-hybrid ane-lens ephakathi eyenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo ezigqinsiwe ngegesi elizungezile. Lokhu kunikeza induduzo engcono kumuntu ogqoke lens. Ngenxa yokuthi isikhungo sinobucayi, sisakhipha ukulungiswa kombono ofanayo njengengqamuzana evamile yokushisa igesi.
Amalensi okuthintana nezibhamu: Amalensi okuthinta ama-scler angama-lens amakhulu kakhulu akhiwa ngento efana nalokho okushiwo yigesi eliqinile elinolwazi olwenziwe. Kodwa-ke, ama-lens amakhela amakhulu kakhulu futhi agubungula i-cornea bese ehlangana nesiblera, ingxenye emhlophe yeso. I-lens yamakhansela igcwele ngokuphelele ingxenye engxenyeni enkulu ye-cornea, ikhulisa induduzo futhi inciphisa amathuba okubala.
I-corneal cross-linking: Corneal cross-linking inqubo entsha kakhulu eyenza ukuqinisa izibopho ku-cornea ukusiza ukugcina isimo sayo esivamile. Le nqubo ihilela ukusebenzisa i-riboflavin (i-vitamin B) esweni efomini eliketshezi. Ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kuyasetshenziselwa iso ukuqinisa inqubo. I-corneal cross-linking ngokuvamile ayiphilisi i-keratoconus noma iyanciphisa ukuqina kwe-cornea, kodwa iyasivimbela ukuba ingabe ikhula kakhulu.
I-keratoplasty engenazifo: Ngokuvamile, i-keratoconus ingaba yingozi kakhulu lapho kudingeke khona ukufakelwa kwe-corneal. Ngenkambiso ye-keratoplasty ehamba phambili , i-donor cornea ihlanganiswa engxenyeni engxenyeni ye-cornea yomamukeli. Izinqubo ezintsha ze-laser ziye zandisa impumelelo yokufakelwa kwe-corneal. Ngokujwayelekile, ukuguqulwa kwe-corneal kuyaphumelela. Noma kunjalo, ukulahlwa kuhlale kukukhathazeka. Kunzima ukubikezela umphumela wokugcina wombono wesiguli. Nakuba ukufakelwa kungaphumelela, isiguli singase siphethe imithi ephakeme kakhulu nesidingo sokugqoka izibuko.