Ukubhekana nokuthi udinga ukufakelwa kwe-corneal kungaba nzima. Ukufakelwa kwe-corneal ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kweso futhi kufanele ukhathazeke ngakho. Kodwa-ke, ngobuchwepheshe banamuhla, iningi labantu abahlangabezana nokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-corneal ukufakelwa inqubo enhle kakhulu. Ukufunda okwengeziwe ngalokho okuhilelekile ekufakweni kwe-corneal kuzofaka okuningi kokukhathazeka kwakho kalula.
Kuyini Ukufakelwa Kwama-Corneal?
I- cornea iyisakhiwo esicacile, esifana nesimo sezulu esifundeni. Isebenza njenge-lens yekhamera, kanye ne-lens yemvelo yesikhumba, ukuze kusize ukukhanya okugxilwe ku-retina. Izimo eziningana ezihlobene ne-cornea zingabangela umbono obuncane okubandakanya ukusikeka, isimo esingavamile, ukuqina, noma ukuvuvukala ngokweqile. Umbono ungaba lula noma uphazamiseke ukuthi izinga lokuphila linciphile. Ukwehliswa okukhulu noma ukukhishwa kwe-cornea kungabangela ngisho nobuphofu. Ukufakelwa kwe-corneal kuhilela ukufaka esikhundleni se-cornea ewonakele nge-cornea enempilo ukuze kubuyiselwe umbono.
Izimo ezivamile ezingase zivume ukufakelwa kwe-corneal zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:
- I-Keratoconus (i-bulging noma ukuqina kwe-cornea)
- I-Fuch's dystrophy (ukuvuvukala okukhulu okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi wezingqamuzana ezingxenyeni zangemva kwe-cornea)
- Ukwehla emva kokutheleleka (amabhaktheriya, amagciwane noma amoeba)
- Ukukhwabanisa ngemuva kwengozi noma ukulimala iso
- Ukuhluleka kwe-corneal ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract
- I-Cornea yenqatshwa ngemva kokufakelwa kokuqala kwe-corneal
Izinhlobo ze-Corneal Transplant
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokufakelwa kwe-corneal: ukufakelwa okugcwele, okubizwa ngokuthi i-PKP noma i-keratoplasty engena ngaphakathi, nokufakelwa kwe-post-back or layer, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-EK, noma i-endothelial keratoplasty.
Udokotela ohlinzayo wezinyosi uyonquma ukuthi yikuphi uhlobo lokufakelwa kwe-corneal okungcono kakhulu ngesimo sakho esithile.
Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
Ngaphambi kokufakelwa kwakho kwe-corneal, udokotela wakho uzokubeka kuhlu lwamabhange asekhaya. Uma izicubu zitholakale zizohlolwa izifo ezifana ne-HIV noma i-hepatitis. Lezi zicubu zizohlolwa futhi ngokucacile kanye nekhwalithi. Udokotela wakho uzohlola amehlo akho futhi aqhube ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iso lakho lilungele ukuhlinzwa. Uzocelwa ukuba uhlole izivivinyo ze-laboratory ezifana nokubala kwegazi kanye ne-EKG ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unempilo ngokwanele yokuhlinzwa. Uzocelwa ukuthi ungadli noma uphuze emva kwamabili emini ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa
Kungenzeka ukuthi i-anesthesia yendawo noma ejwayelekile ingasetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-anesthesia olungcono kakhulu kuwe. Uma usungena ekamelweni lokusebenza, amajwabu amehlo akho azohlanzwa futhi agubungulwe ngendwangu eyinyumba. Umoya we-oxygen uzonikezwa ithubhu lepulasitiki elibekwe eduze nekhala lakho. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzobe esebeka i-microscope phezu kweso lakho.
Ngesikhathi sokuqina okukhulu, ukungenelela kwenqubo ye-keratoplasty, ithuluzi eliyindilinga okuthiwa i-trephine lisetshenziselwa ukususa isikhungo se-cornea. Inkinobho yama-donor corneal tissue nayo iyanqunywa.
Izicubu zomnikelo zithunywe endaweni nge-sutures emihle.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, odokotela abaningi abahlinzayo manje basebenzisa i-femtosecond laser ukusika isiguli se-cornea kanye nezicubu zomnikelo. I-laser ivumela ukuthi izicubu zinqunywe emaphethini we-zig-zag nasezindlini ezijulile ezilawulwayo ngokucacile okukhulu. Lokhu kuvumela ukuchotshozwa kwezicubu zesiguli kanye ne-donor cornea ukuvumelanisa ndawonye njengesiqeshana se-puzzle. Ngezingxenyana zendabuko ezenziwe nge-trephine, kungathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi nambili ukuzinza nokuthola umbono ongcono. Kodwa-ke, nge-laser femtosecond, ukucubungula okuqondile kuphulukisa ngokushesha, okuvumela ukukhishwa kakhudlwana kwe-suture nombono ongcono.
Esikhathini senqubo ye-EK noma i-endothelial keratoplasty, kuphela uhlaka lwangemuva lwe-cornea olushintshwayo. Isiguli sigcina ukuphulukisa kakhulu ngale nqubo, njengoba yonke i-cornea ingasetshenzisiwe. Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo iphelele, isihlangu somzimba sizosetshenziswa ukuvikela iso. Uzobe usuthathwa ekamelweni lokutakula ukuze uhlale ngaphambi kokukhishwa.
Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa
Iso livame ukulandelwa noma kuphi kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-3. Udokotela wakho weziso uyovame ukukubona ngosuku olulandelayo futhi asuse i-punch eye. Uzohlola ukuhlinzwa ukuqapha ukuphulukiswa nokubuka ukulahla izicubu. Emva kosuku lokuqala noma lwesibili emva kokuhlinzwa, ungabuyela emisebenzini evamile njengokuxubha amazinyo, ukugeza, ukuguqa, ukufunda, ukuhamba noma ukubuka i-TV. Ukusebenzisa iso lakho ngeke kulimaze iso lakho noma kuthinte ukuphulukiswa. Kumelwe ugweme noma yikuphi ukugijima kwezemidlalo noma ukuxhumana okunamandla ubuso noma iso. Kungase kuphakanyiswe ukuthi uqhubeke ugqoke isihlangu somlenze wesonto lokuqala noma amabili emva kokuhlinzwa ukuze uvikele iso lakho ebusuku uma ulele.
Kumele ube nokukhuthele kakhulu ngokugxilisa amehlo akho phansi njengoba udokotela echaza. Enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunakekelwa kwakho kokuthutha ukugcina zonke izinkampani zakho zokuqashwa. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukwazi ukuthi izicubu ziqala ukwenqatshwa. Omunye kwabayisishiyagalombili abamukeli bezitshalo zokufakelwa bahlangabezana nokulahlwa kwamagrafu. Uma kubanjwe kusenesikhathi, kungase kuguqulwe imithi.
Izimpawu zokulahlwa kwe-Corneal Transplant
Gcina igama elilandelayo engqondweni emva kokuhlinzwa kwakho: I-RSVP.
- R : Ukubomvu - Ukubomvu kweso isobala kuyisibonakaliso sokwenqaba.
- S : Ukuzwela - Ukulahlwa kuvame ukubangela ukuzwela okukhulu.
- V : Umbono - Ukwenqatshwa kungabangela ubuhlungu, umbono obunzima noma obunamafu.
- P : Ubuhlungu - Ukwanda okungazelelwe kweso iso noma ukuzwa komzimba wangaphandle kungaba uphawu lokulahla.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, i-cornea izozinza ngokwanele ukuze ilinganiswe ngama-eyeglass amasha. Kwezinye izimo, i-astigmatism noma i-nearsightedness ingase ikhule, kodwa izibuko zesola zingakwazi ukulungisa kalula inkinga. Kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka i-lens yokuxhumana ekhethekile ukumboza noma yikuphi ukuphazamisa okusele ku-cornea.
> Umthombo:
> Thompson RW, Intengo MO, Bowers PJ, Intengo FW. Ukusinda kwe-long-term graft emva kokungena kwe-keratoplasty. I-Ophthalmology, 2003; 121: 1087-1092.