I-Microtia yindlebe yokuzwa eyenzeka eyodwa kokuzalwa kuka-6 000-12,000. Kunezinyathelo eziningana ze-microtia, okuvela engxenyeni yezindlebe zangaphandle ezingekho ekuqedeni ukungabikho kwezindlebe zangaphandle. Uma kukhona i-microtia njengamanje, ngokuvamile ayikho umthamo we-canal okwamanje. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-atresia.
Ingane ene-microtia ne-atresia izovame ukuzwa ukuzwa okujwayelekile futhi ihlolisise ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okujulile.
Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi indlebe yangaphakathi yengane iyinto evamile (isimo esijwayelekile sesisindo), kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ayikho indlebe yomlomo, ayikho indlela yokuba umsindo "uqhubekele" endlebeni yangaphakathi nge-canal indlebe. Uma ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwenzeka ngenxa yenkinga yezindlebe zangaphandle noma eziphakathi, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ukuziphatha. Lapho ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwenzeka ngenxa yenkinga yangaphakathi endlebeni, lokhu kuthiwa ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwezinzwa.
Kuzwakala ukuthi i-microtia ingabangelwa yi-ischemia noma iyancipha ukugeleza kwegazi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa.
Ngenhlanhla, indlebe yangaphakathi (indawo yamalungu okuzwa nokulinganisela) ifomu ngesikhathi esifanayo njengezindlebe zangaphandle neziphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, indlebe yangaphakathi iyosebenza ezingeni elivamile, ngisho nasenganeni ene microtia. Izinso zikhula ngesikhathi esifanayo nezindlebe, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kuvame kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuphuma esibhedlela ngemuva kokuzalwa. I-Microtia ivame kakhulu emaNdiya aseJapane naseNavaho aseMelika, futhi ejwayelekile nakwabesilisa.
Uma ngabe indlebe eyodwa kuphela ithinteka, yileyondlela eyindlebe eqinisile ethintekile. Cishe ngo-10% wesikhathi, zombili izindlebe zihilelekile. Izithuba zalesi simo eziqhubekayo ekukhulelweni okuzayo zingaphansi kuka-6%.
Okubalulekile kuqala kuyoba ukuhlola ukuzwa kwengane. Kuzo zonke izimo, kuyaphuthuma ukunikeza ingane ingeniso ephezulu yokufaka umsindo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho nokuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo.
I- BAER (ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ephikisayo yokuphendulela) kuyoconywa , ngokuhlolwa kokuziphatha kokuziphatha lapho umntwana esesekhulile. I-CT (ikhompyutha ye-computerized tomography) izokwenziwa futhi ukuze inqume ukuthi izakhiwo ze-bony nezindlebe ezisemaphakathi nezangaphakathi zikhona.
Abazali abane-microtia bathambekele ekubeni netyala ngesimo sengane yabo. Akuyona iphutha lomzali!
Kubalulekile ukubona ochwepheshe bamaGenesis ukuze bahlole umlando womndeni. Ezinye izingane ezine-microtia ziyoba nezinye izimo ezifana ne- Goldenhar syndrome , i-Treacher-Collins syndrome, kanye ne-microsomia ye-hemifacial (ngaphansi kokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo ohlangothini olulodwa lwesbuso). Izingane zingaba nezindlebe eziphakathi kakhulu. Ukukhubazeka kwamazinyo kanye nezinhlama nakho kungahlanganiswa ne-microtia.
Kunezinketho ezehlukene zokusiza isimo sokuzwa sezingane ezine-microtia ne-atresia.
Usizo lwezindlebe ezithinta amathambo (BAHA) luyindlela yokwenza ukuhlinzwa komngcwabo wezinzwa ukuthuthukisa ukuzwa.
Amalungiselelo wokwelashwa azoba eyingqayizivele kwengane ngayinye ngenxa yokuhluka kwalesi simo. Ithimba lezinhlangano ezingekho emthethweni lizodinga ukusebenza ndawonye ukunikeza ingane inakekelo elihle kakhulu. Leli qembu lizoba ne-otolaryngologist (indlebe, impumulo nomphimbo wekhanda), udokotela ohlinzayo we-plastic, i-audiologist (ochwepheshe bezindlebe), ochwepheshe bezakhi zofuzo, udokotela wamazinyo, udokotela wezinkulumo, nodokotela wezingane noma udokotela wezingane.
Kwezinye izimo, isisebenzi senhlalakahle noma isazi sezengqondo singasiza ukusekela umndeni ekubhekaneni nalesi simo nokwenza izinqumo.
Ngisho noma indlebe eyodwa ingathinteki futhi izwa kahle, ukusizwa kwe-bone conduction aid kunconywa ukuba kuhlinzekwe ukuvuselela okucwaninga futhi kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho obucatshangelwe ohlangothini oluthintekile. Kuze kube yilapho ingane ikhulile ngokwanele ukuze kuhlinzwe, usizo lwe-hearing conduction lwe-bone lungafakwa egqokeni le-headband-like.
Isiqeshana Sevidyo: Umfana oneminyaka engu-6 ubudala onomkhakha we-microtia ohlangene ozwakalayo nokuzwa umsindo ozwakalayo ozwakalayo endlebeni yakhe yangakwesokudla okokuqala. Ukushintsha kwesimo sakhe kubonisa okwesibili ukuthi uqala ukuzwa umsindo ocacile endlebeni yakhe yangakwesokudla.
Ngokuvamile ingane izoba cishe iminyaka engu-4-10 uma ukuhlinzwa kokuhlinzwa kwendlebe kwenziwa. Indlebe yangaphandle iyovuselelwa ngokujwayelekile, ngezinye izikhathi isebenzisa ucezu lwembambo ukudala isakhiwo sezindlebe. Le indlebe yangaphandle ivunyelwe ukuphulukisa izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okwenziwe okwesibili ukudala imisele yomlomo.
Uma izingane nazo zinamaphutha endlebe ephakathi (njengoTrith-Collins Syndrome) ukuhlinzwa okuvuselelayo komsele womlomo kungase kungabi ngcono ukuzwa. Okukhethwa kukho kungase kube usizo lwezindlebe ezisekelwe amathambo olulungile kwengane enezinkinga eziphakathi kwezindlebe kodwa indlebe yangaphakathi ejulile nesakhiwo sezinzwa ebuchosheni.
> Imithombo:
> Ulwazi lwe-CDC lokuzalwa kwama-Congenital Birth Defects
> CDC Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa Kwezingane Nezingane
> Izifo Nezimo Ezikhonjisiwe Ezinganeni Nentsha Nezidingo Zempilo Ezikhethekile (CYSHN). UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMinnesota.
> Bonilla, u-Arturo. I-Microtia Congenital Deformity Institute.